Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing polyesters such as for example polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate from precondensates. According to said method, vapors comprising precondensate components that are distributed therein in the form of an aerosol are guided through a polycondensation reactor in which precondensate components condense on the reactor wall and on a separator in an exit chamber of the reactor. The condensates are guided to the unstirred discharge sump and the upper layers of the discharge sump are continuously recirculated into the stirred reactor area thereby subjecting them to reconversion and additional polycondensation.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining shadows in a computer-generated image are provided, wherein the determination whether a pixel x is in shadow is based on a shadow test function ƒ(d(x), z(P)), d(x) representing the depth of the pixel x with respect to the light source and z(p) being a shadow map z for the computer-generated image. According to the invention, the shadow test function ƒ satisfies f ? ( d ? ( x ) , z ? ( p ) ) = ? i = 1 N ? a i ? ( d ? ( x ) ) ? B i ? ( z ? ( p ) ) wherein ai are weighting coefficients depending on d, Bi are basis functions in terms of z and N is a natural number.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding high dynamic range video by means of video compression is shown.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing polyesters such as for example polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate from precondensates. According to said method, vapors comprising precondensate components that are distributed therein in the form of an aerosol are guided through a polycondensation reactor in which precondensate components condense on the reactor wall and on a separator in an exit chamber of the reactor. The condensates are guided to the unstirred discharge sump and the upper layers of the discharge sump are continuously recirculated into the stirred reactor area, thereby subjecting them to reconversion and additional polycondensation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a capping system for a container with a mouth, comprising a sealing cap that has a bottom for covering the mouth, a jacket extending from said bottom and a guarantee ring provided at the edge facing away from said bottom, said guarantee ring preferably being connected to the jacket via a predetermined rupture line and having at least one vertical cut, and also comprising a wall segment surrounding the mouth, which segment is overlapped at least in some regions by the jacket of the sealing cap. The capping system (1) is characterized in that there is provided at least one cam (25) overlapping the outer circumferential surface (24) of the wall segment (5), said cam being located in the region of the guarantee ring, and—as seen in the circumferential direction—being laterally surrounded by said ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a torsional vibration damper housing, especially the housing for a viscosity torsional vibration damper, whereby the damper housing is manufactured from an existing plate circular blank and the shaping of the damper housing occurs in an impact extrusion machine during a non-cutting impact extrusion shaping method. In successive impact extrusion shaping steps, all parts of the damper housing protruding from the plane of the plate circular blank, which forms the housing rear wall, are impact extruded while reducing the wall thickness of said parts to form a one-piece damper housing. Said damper housing is structured such that the area of the fastening flange has the largest thickness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding high dynamic range video by means of video compression is shown.

Abstract: A self-adaptive voltage regulator for a phase-locked loop is disclosed. The phase-locked loop includes a phase detector, a charge pump, a low pass filter, and a voltage control oscillator, wherein the low pass filter inputs a control voltage to a voltage controlled oscillator for generation of an output clock. According to the method and system disclosed herein, the self-adaptive voltage regulator is coupled to an output of the low pass filter for sensing the control voltage during normal operation of the phase-locked loop, and for dynamically adjusting the supply voltage, which is input to the voltage controlled oscillator in response to the control voltage, such that the phase-locked loop maintains the control voltage within a predefined range of a reference voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a torsional vibration damper housing, especially the housing for a viscosity torsional vibration damper, whereby the damper housing is manufactured from an existing plate circular blank and the shaping of the damper housing occurs in an impact extrusion machine during a non-cutting impact extrusion shaping method. In successive impact extrusion shaping steps, all parts of the damper housing protruding from the plane of the plate circular blank, which forms the housing rear wall, are impact extruded while reducing the wall thickness of said parts to form a one-piece damper housing. Said damper housing is structured such that the area of the fastening flange has the largest thickness.

Abstract: A plug connector is disclosed for electrically connecting two printed boards consisting of a blade connector with a plurality of blade contacts arranged in a prescribed grid dimension and a spring clip adapted thereto with a plurality of spring contacts, whereby not only the blade contacts, but also the spring contacts are respectively connected to the printed boards via press-in pins arranged in the prescribed grid dimension. In the blade connector, to realize high-current contacts in the same grid dimension, one or more blade contacts are respectively allocated--via a blade body to press-in pins residing perpendicularly in a row, and in the spring clip one or more spring contacts are allocated-via a spring body--to press-in pins residing perpendicularly in a row, whereby the number of the spring contacts is equal to or greater than the number of blade contacts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making contact with a multipole female strip connector for plug connections with coaxial connecting cables. In order to simplify the method and to save tools, a multi-row female strip connector is split into plastic disks, one side of the disk having insulation-piercing terminals which are arranged one behind the other and are connected to contact springs, and the other side having correspondingly formed, overmolded pressure pieces. The disks are held spaced apart in a pressing tool by means of corresponding press-in pins which have a force fit. Coaxial connecting cables, which are cut to length and at whose free ends the outer insulation and the shield mesh have been removed over a predetermined length, are pushed into these disks, which are preassembled spaced apart. When the disks are pressed together, the pressure pieces press the connecting wires into the insulation-piercing terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making contact between a multi-pole socket connector for plug-in connections and connecting wires. To simplify the method and economise on tools, a multi-row socket connector is split up into plastic plates, one side of the plate holding insulation piercing connecting devices and contact springs connected thereto, and the other side having correspondingly shaped integrally extruded pressure members. The plates are held at a spacing in a press tool by corresponding press-in pins having an interference fit. Connecting wires cut to length are inserted into these plates preassembled at a spacing. The connecting wires are pressed by the pressure members into the insulation piercing connecting device when the plates are pressed together.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a plug-type connector for backplane wirings, composed of a blade connector portion and a metal spring clip portion. Individual contact springs are surrounded by electrically conductive shielding plates that are connected to contactings applied in an intermediate grid both at the backplane side as well as at the printed circuit board assembly side, the contactings being charged with an appropriate potential.In order to obtain a comparatively simple structure of the spring clip portion of improved simplicity, the spring clip housing (1-8) is composed of an electrically conductive material, whereby the contact springs (35-37) are arranged insulated therefrom in receptacle chambers (9-16).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a plug-type connector for backplane wirings, composed of blade connector and spring clip, wherein the individual contact springs are surrounded by electrically conductive shielding plates that are connected to contactings applied in the intermediate grid both at the backplane side as well as at the assembly side, these contactings being charged with an appropriate potential. In order to obtain a comparatively simple structure of the spring clip, the spring clip (1) is composed of through receptacle chambers into which metallic tubes (4) can be inserted, wherein contact springs (5) extrusion-coated with plastic (12) can be placed into the tubes (4).

Abstract: In order to reemploy the centering strips when equipping wiring backplanes with contact blades, the contact blades (2, 12) have their press-in zones introduced into a blade holder (1, 11) serving as a centering strip, being introduced thereinto in attitudinally correct allocation to one another. The contact blades (2, 12) introduced into the blade holder (1, 11) are pressed into the wiring backplane (5, 15) from the blade holder (1, 11) with a press-in die (7, 17) and the blade holder (1, 11) is pulled off from the contact blades (2, 12) when the press-in die (7, 17) is retracted.

Abstract: An arrangement for connection of wiring backplanes and module circuit boards wherein individual contact passages arranged in a housing are surrounded by electrically conductive shielding plates that are connected to contactings that carry shield potential. They are attached in the intermediate grid both at the backplane side as well as at the assembly side, and are charged with a corresponding potential. In order to create a connector arrangement for extremely high transmission frequencies and good transmission properties, terminal ends of spring elements of the sheet metal shielding compartment and terminal ends of the spring elements of shielding plates of the contact passages abut with a contacting layer of precious metal at the backplane side. Both the spring elements of the shielding plates arranged perpendicular to the wiring backplane as well as the spring elements of the shielding compartment proceeding perpendicular to the wiring backplane are corrugated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a plug-type connection composed of blade connector and spring clip, whereby the individual contact passages are surrounded by electrically conductive shielding plates that are connected to shield contactings carrying a ground or shield potential. The shield contactings are to an intermediate shielding grid system located both at the backplane side and at the circuit board or module side. In order to achieve an improved interconnect passage width between the contact blades and the shield contactings arranged in the intermediate grid, the electrical connection between the connector or spring clip and assembly printed circuit board ensues on the basis of pressure of spring-like bent terminal ends which flatten onto contact surfaces on the assembly printed circuit board.

Abstract: The invention is directed to plug-type connectors for backplane wirings composed of blade connector and spring clip, whereby the individual contact springs are surrounded by electrically conductive shieldings that are connected to contactings applied in the intermediate grid both at the backplane side as well as at the assembly side, said contactings being charged with an appropriate potential.The invention discloses various possibilities for contacting between the shielding in the spring clip and the printed circuit boards carrying the shield potential.

Abstract: Phase-contrasting elements are arranged in the viewing beam paths of a stereomicroscope to make transparent media visible with rich contrast such as in the area of ophthalmologic surgery. The phase-contrasting elements make the transparent media visible as phase objects in the amplitude contrast. The phase-contrasting elements are selected in dependence upon the light source diaphragm which is used.