Abstract: There are disclosed cells (100, 200, 300, 444) which include one or more layers formed by a lithographic printing process. The layers may be formed by offset lithographic printing. In one embodiment, a cathode substrate (110) is coated with a silver current collector layer (115) and a graphite layer (120). A paste (170) of manganese (IV) oxide and carbon is deposited over the graphite layer (120). A membrane (180) separates the anode and cathode. An anode substrate (140) is coated with a silver current collector layer (145) and a zinc layer (150). The lithographic inks include a resin to provide thixotropic properties. The cells (100, 200, 300, 444) can be manufactured more rapidly than by screen printing, while using less ink than screen printing.

Abstract: A process for forming a conductive layer on a substrate is disclosed which comprises the steps of providing an ink comprising a metal oxide in particulate form suspended in a mixture of a resin and an organic solvent, depositing the ink on a substrate by means of a lithographic printing process, and applying a reducing agent to the ink to reduce at least some of said metal oxide to metal. Preferably, a mixture of an alkyd and a non-alkyd resin is employed.

Abstract: An electrical circuit board is provided with a substrate, preferably of paper such as gloss art paper, bond paper or a semi-synthetic paper, and an electrical circuit lithographically printed onto the substrate from an ink comprising electrical particles suspended in a resin. The resin may be an organic resin such as an alkyd resin, and the conductive particles may be metallic silver. The manufacture of electrical components such as resistors and capacitors and antennae is also described. The circuit printing technique is reliable, cheap and can be based on a range of substrates not previously possible.