Abstract: A process for producing olefins from oxygenates can include the following steps: (i) heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of at least one oxygenate to a product stream containing C2 olefins, C3 olefins, C4 olefins, C5/6 hydrocarbon compounds, and C7+ hydrocarbon compounds; and (ii) separation of a propylene stream consisting of C3 olefins for at least 95 wt-%, wherein at least 10 wt-% of the propylene stream are recirculated into process step (i).

Abstract: A process for producing olefins from oxygenates can include the following steps: (i) heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of at least one oxygenate to a product stream containing C2 olefins, C3 olefins, C4 olefins, C5/6 hydrocarbon compounds, and C7+ hydrocarbon compounds; and (ii) separation of a propylene stream consisting of C3 olefins for at least 95 wt-%, wherein at least 10 wt-% of the propylene stream are recirculated into process step (i).

Abstract: For producing synthetic fuels, an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, is converted to olefins on a catalyst in a first process stage, and this olefin mixture then is divided in a separating means into a stream rich in C1-C4 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons. The stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons is divided into a stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C7+ hydrocarbons, wherein the stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons is at least partly subjected to an etherification with methanol. The ethers thus obtained are admixed to the gasoline product stream.

Abstract: When producing hydrocarbons from fatty acid esters contained in fats or fat oils, the fatty acid esters initially are split up by hydrolytic decomposition into a first stream containing crude alcohol and water and a second stream containing free fatty acids, and subsequently the free fatty acids of the second stream are hydrogenated with hydrogen to obtain saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: For producing synthetic fuels, an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, is converted to olefins on a catalyst in a first process stage, and this olefin mixture then is divided in a separating means into a stream rich in C1-C4 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C5+ hydrcarbons. The stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons is divided into a stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C7+ hydrocarbons, wherein the stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons is at least partly subjected to an etherification with methanol. The ethers thus obtained are admixed to the gasoline product stream.

Abstract: When producing hydrocarbons from fatty acid esters contained in fats or fat oils, the fatty acid esters initially are split up by hydrolytic decomposition into a first stream containing crude alcohol and water and a second stream containing free fatty acids, and subsequently the free fatty acids of the second stream are hydrogenated with hydrogen to obtain saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: In a method for the production of propylene, a charge stream containing C4 to C6 olefins is evaporated, superheated, mixed with hot water vapor, the olefins vapor mixture converted on a zeolite catalyst, the reaction mixture formed thereby cooled, and then partially condensed. In order to increase the yield of propylene, the gaseous phase containing ethylene, propylene, C4 to C8 olefins, and additional hydrocarbons that is accumulated during the partial condensation is compressed, the gaseous and liquid phase containing propylene, ethylene, and other light hydrocarbons that exit from the compression step is separated into a gaseous phase containing propylene, ethylene, and other light hydrocarbons and a liquid phase containing C4+ olefins, and the liquid phase is separated into a fraction containing C4 to C6 olefins and a fraction containing C7+ olefins.

Abstract: In a method for the production of propylene, a charge stream containing C4 to C6 olefins is evaporated, superheated, mixed with hot water vapor, the olefins vapor mixture converted on a zeolite catalyst, the reaction mixture formed thereby cooled, and then partially condensed. In order to increase the yield of propylene, the gaseous phase containing ethylene, propylene, C4 to C8 olefins, and additional hydrocarbons that is accumulated during the partial condensation is compressed, the gaseous and liquid phase containing propylene, ethylene, and other light hydrocarbons that exit from the compression step is separated into a gaseous phase containing propylene, ethylene, and other light hydrocarbons and a liquid phase containing C4+ olefins, and the liquid phase is separated into a fraction containing C4 to C6 olefins and a fraction containing C7+ olefins.

Abstract: The granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst used as bed in a process of producing lower olefins from a feed mixture of higher olefins must be decoked from time to time. This is effected such that the reactor is rinsed with a nitrogen stream heated to 460 to 500° C. for expelling the hydrocarbons, the reactor is then cooled with a nitrogen stream heated to 420 to <460° C., a nitrogen/air mixture heated to 460 to 500° C. then flows through the reactor until complete decoking, and subsequently the reactor is rinsed with a nitrogen stream heated to 460 to 500° C.

Abstract: In a supported catalyst for the preparation of monocarboxylic anhydrides by carbonylation of the appropriate esters or ethers, where, in the supported catalyst, an organosilicon compound is bonded, as a polyfunctional coupling agent, on the one hand to a support material and on the other hand to a noble-metal compound from group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the coupling agent is a chelate-forming organosilicon compound of the general formula ##STR1## where X=Cl, Br or --OR.sup.2 ;Y=--NR.sub.2.sup.4, a nitrogen-containing aryl radical, --PR.sub.2.sup.4, AsR.sub.2.sup.4, --SR.sup.4 or --SH;Z=zero, arylene or phenylene (optionally ortho-, meta- or para-substituted),R.sup.1 =C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 -alkyl;R.sup.2 =C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 -alkyl or --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ;R.sup.3 =--H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 -alkyl;R.sup.4 =C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 or C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl or --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 or --CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5, which are optionally substituted by halogen, methoxy, ethoxy or C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: The process for the preparation of monocarboxylic anhydrides of the general formula (RCO).sub.2 O is carried out by reacting a carboxylic ester or a dialkyl ether of the general formula RCOOR or ROR, in which R in each case denotes the same alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with carbon monoxide in the gas phase in the presence of a supported catalyst. The reaction takes place by means of bromine or iodine or compounds thereof as reaction promoter. The support material in the catalyst supports a noble metal chelate compound which is formed by a noble metal compound from group VIII of the periodic table and a chelating agent containing organonitrogen, organophosphorus, organoarsenic, organosulfur or mercapto groups and substituted in its basic structure with alkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups. The reaction is carried out at temperatures from 130.degree. to 400.degree. C. and pressures from 1 to 150 bar.

Abstract: In the process for the preparation of monocarboxylic anhydrides of the general formula (RCO).sub.2 O by reacting a carboxylic acid ester of dialkyl ether of the general formula RCOOR or ROR, where R in each case denotes the same alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with carbon monoxide in the gas phase in the presence of iodine or bromine or compounds thereof as reaction promoter, and in the presence of a supported catalyst, at temperatures of from 130.degree. to 400.degree. C. and pressures of from 1 to 150 bar, where, in the supported catalyst, an organosilicon compound is bonded, as a polyfunctional coupling agent, on the one hand to a support material and on the other hand to a noble-metal compound from group VIII of the Periodic Table, a chelate-forming organosilicon compound of the general formula ##STR1## is employed as the polyfunctional coupling agent, where X=Cl, Br or --OR.sup.2 ;Y=-NR.sub.2.sup.4, a nitrogen-containing aryl radical, --PR.sub.2.sup.4, AsR.sub.2.sup.4, --SR.sup.