Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a structure function monitor provide for generation of parameters characterizing a refractive medium. In an embodiment, a structure function monitor acquires images of a pupil plane and an image plane and, from these images, retrieves the phase over an aperture, unwraps the retrieved phase, and analyzes the unwrapped retrieved phase. In an embodiment, analysis yields atmospheric parameters measured at spatial scales from zero to the diameter of a telescope used to collect light from a source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmitted-light base (1) for illuminating an object (15) for imaging through a zoom microscope (21), the transmitted-light base (1) comprising an integrated light source (3) having an associated electrical power regulation system (31) for generating a suitable radiation flux, and means (5, 6), capable of being added downstream, for generating a specified spectral intensity distribution. To allow compensation for brightness changes of low dynamic range, such as those occurring in particular during zooming, a continuously controllable mechanical brightness regulator (4) is proposed which is activatable by means of an associated adjustment device (41) in such a way that the illumination intensity of the transmitted-light base (1) is controllable with no change in the spectral intensity distribution.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for surface layer atmospheric turbulence differential image motion measurement provide the ability to measure and characterize the atmospheric turbulence in a surface boundary layer with applications to a wide variety of technical areas including, but not limited to, astronomy and atmospheric conditions for take-off and landing at airports. Methods and apparatus include multiple optical sources and a receiver having sub-apertures for detecting light traveling along independent paths from the optical sources to the sub-apertures. The sub-apertures of the receiver are arranged, including relative spacing, to match the geometric arrangement of the multiple optical sources, where there is one sub-aperture for each optical source. Appropriate images received by the sub-apertures are analyzed using differential image motion measurement techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afocal zoom (1) for use in microscopes of high resolution and high zoom factors having a tube lens (11), the zoom comprising four successive optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3, G4) when viewed from the object end, the first assembly (G1) having a positive focal length (f1), the second assembly (G2) a negative focal length (f2), the third assembly (G3) a positive focal length (f3), and the fourth assembly (G4) a negative focal length (f4), and the first and the fourth assembly (G1, G4) being arranged in stationary fashion and the second and the third assembly (G2, G3) being arranged movably for modifying the magnification of the zoom (1), the zoom magnification decreasing with increasing distance (D23) between the two assemblies (G2, G3). The zoom operates in the range of “useful magnification” of the microscope with sufficient contrast if the zoom meets the meets specific conditions.

Abstract: A magnetically positioned precision holder for optical components in an optical device comprises a carrier for replaceably holding at least one optical component. The carrier is arranged in positionally adjustable fashion in a housing recess including a precision stop surface. Magnet pairs (A1/A2 and B1/B2) are oriented with identical polarity being provided in order to achieve a continuous contact pressure of the carrier (2; 3) against the stop surface (6), in such a way that the one magnet (A1, B1) is located in the recess and the corresponding magnet (A2, B2) is located in the carrier. The use of identically poled magnet pairs for movable precision holders and for precision positioning systems is also proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an objective (2) for stereomicroscopes of the telescope type which comprises three optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3), the first assembly (G1) being arranged towards the object side and the third assembly (G3) being arranged towards a magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) meets the conditions 0.44≦ENP/F≦0.6, where ENP denotes the diameter of the entry pupil of the magnification changer (3L, 3R) at the maximum magnification and F denotes the focal length of the objective (2), and tan(w1)≧0.16, where w1 denotes the maximum field angle of the objective (2) at the lowest magnification of the magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) makes it possible to use a stereomicroscope with maximum resolution and a field of vision which is adapted to the full range of magnifications of the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to an objective (2) for stereomicroscopes of the telescope type which comprises three optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3), the first assembly (G1) being arranged towards the object side and the third assembly (G3) being arranged towards a magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) meets the conditions 0.44≦ENP/F≦0.6, where ENP denotes the diameter of the entry pupil of the magnification changer (3L, 3R) at the maximum magnification and F denotes the focal length of the objective (2), and tan(w1)≧0.16, where w1 denotes the maximum field angle of the objective (2) at the lowest magnification of the magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) makes it possible to use a stereomicroscope with maximum resolution and a field of vision which is adapted to the full range of magnifications of the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afocal zoom (1) for use in microscopes of high resolution and high zoom factors having a tube lens (11), the zoom comprising four successive optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3, G4) when viewed from the object end, the first assembly (G1) having a positive focal length (f1), the second assembly (G2) a negative focal length (f2), the third assembly (G3) a positive focal length (f3), and the fourth assembly (G4) a negative focal length (f4), and the first and the fourth assembly (G1, G4) being arranged in stationary fashion and the second and the third assembly (G2, G3) being arranged movably for modifying the magnification of the zoom (1), the zoom magnification decreasing with increasing distance (D23) between the two assemblies (G2, G3).

Abstract: Device and process for smoothing printing screens for silk screen printing, in particular rotary screens, liquid being sprayed at high pressure onto a screen (1, 1′) lying on a compression-resistant and dimensionally stable support.

Abstract: Device and process for the removal of the coating layer which forms the screen stencil on a rotary printing screen for screen printing from the rotary printing screen. The device comprising a rotatable support roller and a nozzle unit for spraying a jet of liquid onto the rotary printing screen at high pressure, the rotary printing screen lying on the support roller in the working area of the nozzle unit, and the device having a free space beneath the support roller for a rotary printing screen section freely suspended beneath the support roller.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaning device for cleaning the back cloth of a printing machine and more precisely a textile printing machine, wherein said cleaning device comprises at least one rotor provided with tines for cleaning the back cloth. The tines of the rotor are traditionally made in the shape of flexible strips. During the operation, said strips abut the back cloth and sweep it on a portion of their length due to the centrifugal force.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the position of a surgical microscope uses signal transmitters and signal receivers. Light emitting diodes that emit coded light signals and light receptors for receiving the coded light signals are arranged in various locations in space. Reflectors having narrow-bond reflection characteristics are arranged on the microscope so that the light reflected can be identified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining measurement-point position data and a device for measuring the magnification of an optical beam path. In the method described, a laser beam is inserted via an insertion element (32a) into the beam path of a microscope. At the end of this beam path, a beam splitter (4c) splits the laser beam off again and directs it on to a position sensor (45a). The point at which the measurement beam is incident depends on the magnification of the beam path optics (8, 13). The final value of the magnification can thus be simply determined. The value of the magnification is important for the user in order to enable the user to make a definite assessment of the area observed. Also described are various related developments and details of the invention.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and adjusting means for selecting a stereo base. The main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting means, which are preferably designed as opto-mechanical switching means. This arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses to be obtained.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a surgical microscope in which, to determine the distance between the microscope (8, 13) and the object (22), the travel time of a beam of light (57c) emanating from the microscope and reflected by the object is determined. The travel time is determined by phase measurement or by interference matching. In the case of direct phase measurement, modulated light is used. In the case of interference matching, partly coherent light is used. In order to ensure high accuracy over wide measurement range, the two measurement methods are preferably used in combination.

Abstract: A storage system for round stencils, in particular those used in the textile industry, has two or several holders for releasably holding the round stencils. The holders of the storage system may be moved by a drive, preferably all together. Also disclosed is an application system which has besides the production machine and the storage system a separate washing installation for cleaning the round stencils taken from the production machine. In the washing installation, the round stencils are sprayed from the inside and cleaned from the outside, in particular by brushes, at the same time as they are rotated.

Abstract: A microscope adapted for use by two or more operators during surgical operations has a main objective lens and at least two mutually independent stereoscopic observation beam paths. Each stereoscopic observation beam path has a magnification system and a focusing system disposed therein. Pupil displacement systems are provided in modular construction of different mechanical lengths but of equal optical path lengths. This modular construction allows individual and customized configurations of the microscope for adaptation to meet the needs and requirements of various operating conditions and the various operating disciplines.