Abstract: N-phosphonomethylamines are produced by reaction of an amine substrate with a halomethylphosphonic acid or salt thereof, a hydroxymethylphosphonic acid or salt thereof, or a dehydrated self-ester dimer, trimer or oligomer of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid. Among the products that may be prepared according to the process are N-phosphonomethylaminocarboxylic acids such as (e.g.) glyphosate, N-phosphonomethylaminoalkanols such as (e.g.) hydroxyethlaminomethylphosphonic acid, and N-acylaminomethylphosphonic acids such as (e.g.) N-carbamylaminomethylphosphonic acid. Certain reactions are conducted with a substantial excess of amine reactant in order to drive the conversion while avoiding excessive formation of bis(N-phosphonomethyl)amine by-products.

Abstract: A process for the in-situ remediation of a contaminated heterogeneous soil region comprising: (a) introducing material for treating contaminants in a contaminated heterogeneous soil region into at least one liquid permeable region within the contaminated heterogeneous soil region to form at least one treating zone within the contaminated heterogeneous soil region, (b) transmitting direct electric current through at least one low permeability soil region within the contaminated heterogeneous soil region between a first electrode and a second electrode having opposite charge, wherein (i) the first electrode is located at a first end of the contaminated heterogeneous soil region and the second electrode is located at the opposite end of the contaminated heterogeneous soil region or (ii) the first electrode is located at a first end of each of the low permeability soil regions and the second electrode is located at the opposite end of each of the low permeability soil regions, (1) to cause an electroosmotic flow

Abstract: A process for the in-situ remediation of contaminated soil comprising: (a) forming at least one liquid permeable region within a contaminated soil region, (b) introducing material for treating contaminants in the contaminated soil region into the liquid permeable regions to form at least one treating zone within the contaminated soil region, and (c) transmitting direct electric current through the contaminated soil region between a first electrode and a second electrode having opposite charge, wherein the first electrode is located at a first end of the contaminated soil region and the second electrode is located at the opposite end of the contaminated soil region to cause an electroosmotic flow from the second to the first electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brake lining composition comprising friction particles and a resin binder therefor, said friction particles being a thermoset reaction product of an amine modified novolac resin and an aromatic polycarboxylic compound having improved thermal stability. The invention also relates to a method for preparing said brake lining composition.