Abstract: The present invention is a method to determine catalyst structures by correlating experimental conditions and directing agent characteristics to catalyst products. The correlating step is carried out by a performance model such as a neural net.

Abstract: In its simplest sense, the present invention provides a method for forming fine gaseous bubbles in a liquid ambient by forcing a gas through orifices located in the liquid ambient to generate a stream of gas bubbles, while simultaneously forcing a liquid through liquid orifices at a velocity sufficient to form jet streams of liquid, the liquid orifices being substantially coplanar with and equal in number to the gas orifices so that each jet stream of liquid intersects each stream of gas bubbles and creates sufficient turbulence, whereby the fine gas bubbles are formed.

Abstract: According to this invention, a quench assembly having improved mixing efficiency comprises a series of mixing zones: quench fluid inlet zone; quench mixing zone; a jet stirred mixing zone; and a distributor zone. In the quench fluid inlet zone, quench fluid is introduced to fluid from the catalytic bed above. The quench fluid is introduced through holes in a quench pipe, creating jets of quench fluid which entrain and mix the reactant fluid, typically partially reacted, from the bed above. This mixing zone is separated from the quench mixing zone by means of a horizontally disposed plate having a central opening therein. The reaction fluid and quench fluid enter the quench mixing zone through the central opening in the plate separating the two zones and impinge on a bottom quench mixing zone plate, where the gases are turned radially outward and passed over and around a series of mixing baffles.