Abstract: In one or more embodiments, an integrated circuit includes a programmable memory, a key generation module and a module. The programmable memory is to maintain a first key portion. The key generation module is to generate a key using the first key portion from the programmable memory and a second key portion received via a memory interface. The module is to encrypt or decrypt data using the key.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with processing commands according to authorization are described. In one embodiment, a chip includes an unsecure module configured to control unsecure firmware to process a command on data flowing in a datapath. The unsecure module processes commands from untrusted sources and trusted sources. The chip includes a secure module configured to determine if a command is from a trusted source and when the command is from a trusted source, the secure module controls secure firmware to further process the data flowing in the datapath. When the command is from an untrusted source, the secure module controls the secure firmware to not process the data flowing in the datapath.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, an integrated circuit includes a programmable memory, a key generation module and a module. The programmable memory is to maintain a first key portion. The key generation module is to generate a key using the first key portion from the programmable memory and a second key portion received via a memory interface. The module is to encrypt or decrypt data using the key.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with processing commands according to authorization are described. In one embodiment, a chip includes a secure module configured to store secure firmware, and to execute the secure firmware. The secure firmware prevents the secure module from at least partially processing a command that originated from an untrusted source. The chip also includes an unsecure module configured to store unsecure firmware, and to execute the unsecure firmware. The unsecure firmware permits the unsecure module to process a command having originated from an untrusted source. The chip is configured where the unsecure firmware is separately updateable from the secure firmware.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for audio data retrieval from an optical media. The method includes reading a sector of audio data from the optical media, the sector comprising a sector data and a sector sub-code; collecting the sector sub-code; correcting any errors in the sector data in a fixed time period; calculating a time offset between a time for the collecting of the sector sub-code and the fixed time period; and matching the corrected sector data to the sector sub-code based on the calculated time offset. A method and system for retrieving audio data from an optical media has been disclosed. The present invention uses a fixed time period for the sector data error correction process. By using a fixed correction time, the sector data and the sector sub-code can be automatically matched based upon an offset calculated from the fixed correction time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for error correction in optical media data processing. The method includes demodulating a data using a conversion table; marking errors which occur during the demodulation; utilizing estimated values for the marked errors; and performing error correction. The method and system marks errors which occur during demodulation. A logic array is used to obtain estimated values for the marked errors. The marking of errors and the use of values from the logic array for the marked errors increases the probability of the C1 and C2 correction processes being able to correct the errors. Fewer “not correctable” data results. This increases the integrity of the read data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for providing timing adjustments to perform reliable optical recording at high speeds. The present invention includes performing a timing adjustment in a coarse increment to a write control signal using a clock with a cycle less than T, where T is a fundamental unit of time for a data mark; and performing a timing adjustment in a fine increment to the write control signal using a time delay technique. The method and system in accordance with the present invention provides a write control logic which allows for multiple levels of time adjustment for each type of mark. In the preferred embodiment, a dual level timing adjustment technique is provided. The first level provides coarse timing adjustments using a clock with a cycle less than T and parameters to control the power level and time duration of each mark. The second level provides fine timing adjustments using time delay techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for syndrome generation for data from an optical media. The method includes reading data bytes for a plurality of columns of a row of the data; reading a plurality of partial syndromes from a memory, each of the plurality of partial syndromes corresponding to one of the plurality of columns; updating each of the plurality of partial syndromes with the data byte of the corresponding column; and writing the plurality of updated partial syndromes into the memory. The present invention obtains data bytes for multiple columns at one time. Syndrome generation is then performed for each column, with the partial syndromes for each column stored in a memory. As the data bytes of subsequent rows of data for multiple columns are obtained, the partial syndromes for each column are read from the memory and loaded into a syndrome generation logic, thus updating the partial syndrome for each column. The updated syndromes are written back into the memory.

Abstract: Synchronization (sync) marks on a digital-versatile disk (DVD) optical disk are initially detected and later used to adjust bit timing after jitter has occurred. Each DVD physical sector contains many sync marks in a predefined sequence. Each sync mark has a sync-code field that varies for the sync marks in a sector, and a fixed sync pattern that is constant for all sync marks. The first sync mark is detected at initialization by detecting a previous sequence of sync codes of sync marks that precede the first sync mark. The sequence is programmable so that one to seven sync marks are in the sequence searched for. Detection for sync marks with bit errors can still occur since a programmable number of bit errors are allowed in each sync code and in the fixed sync pattern. One of the sync codes can be missed in the sequence and detection still made, allowing tolerance of errors in the sync marks when longer sequences of sync codes are matched.

Abstract: An optical disk controller reads CD-ROM disks at high speeds that commonly produce errors. Errors in the headers that identify sectors are tolerated by the sector-search hardware. The disk-controller firmware writes a virtual target register the previous sector's header's minutes, seconds, frame (MSF), which is one less that the desired sector's MSF, or MSF-1. A physical target that precedes the virtual target is searched for. The physical target precedes the desired sector by N sectors, so that the physical target is MSF-N. When the physical target matches a header read from the disk, a good sector found flag is set. The physical target is then incremented for each new sector and compared to the virtual target. Once the physical target matches the virtual target, the following sector is buffered to the host. The raw header from the disk is stored and error corrections are made using the error correction byte following the sector's data.

Abstract: A demodulator for digital-versatile disk (DVD) optical disks converts 16-bit codewords stored on the disk into 8-bit symbols or user bytes that are sent to the host after error correction. Rather than use the modulation tables in the DVD specification in reverse, the entries in the modulation table are sorted and combined. The four states stored in the DVD modulation table are reduced to two states or conditions. All entries from states 1 and 4 are sorted into unique tables that have unique mappings of codewords to symbols. Since the unique mappings are not sequence or state dependent, no state information is stored in the unique tables. Entries from states 2 and 3 are sorted into duplicates tables that have duplicate mappings, where a codeword can map to two different symbols, depending on the state sequence. One of the two symbols is chosen based on bits in the following codeword, which is the next state.