Abstract: A quaternary oxide foam, comprises an open-cell foam containing (a) a dopant metal, (b) a dopant nonmetal, (c) titanium, and (d) oxygen. The foam has the advantages of a high surface area and a low back pressure during dynamic flow applications. The inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was demonstrated in a simple photoreactor.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide foam, comprises an open-cell foam containing (a) a dopant metal, (b) a dopant nonmetal, (c) titanium, and (d) oxygen. The foam has the advantages of a high surface area and a low back pressure during dynamic flow applications. The inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was demonstrated in a simple photoreactor.

Abstract: Composition production methods are provided that can include providing PdO nanoparticles on a nitrogen-doped titanium oxide surface to form a catalytic mixture. Catalytic compositions and/or bactericides are provided that can include a substrate supporting Ti, O, N, and Pd. Water purification methods are provided that can include exposing an aqueous solution to a composition comprising at least a substrate supporting Ti, O, N, and Pd. Photocatalytic methods are provided that can include: providing a composition comprising one or both of Ti and Pd; exposing the composition to visible radiation to activate the composition; and in the substantial absence of the visible radiation, contacting the composition with an aqueous solution to purify the aqueous solution. Embodiments of the disclosure provide visible light photocatalysts that can demonstrate faster photocatalytic disinfection rates on Escherichia coli (E.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nanoparticle includes anatase titanium oxide, and may be a nanofiber having a minimum dimension less than 200 nanometers and having an aspect ratio greater than 20:1. A titanium oxide nanoparticle including anatase titanium oxide may include a dopant metal and/or a dopant nonmetal, and may be in a form other than a nanosphere. A method of making nanoparticles includes heating a reaction mixture in an autoclave, where the reaction mixture includes a titanium source and a polar organic solvent.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nanoparticle includes anatase titanium oxide, and may be a nanofiber having a minimum dimension less than 200 nanometers and having an aspect ratio greater than 20:1. A titanium oxide nanoparticle including anatase titanium oxide may include a dopant metal and/or a dopant nonmetal, and may be in a form other than a nanosphere. A method of making nanoparticles includes heating a reaction mixture in an autoclave, where the reaction mixture includes a titanium source and a polar organic solvent.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.