Abstract: A device may include an upstream port and several downstream ports configured to transfer data at a different data transfer rate than the upstream port. The device may also include several downstream data handlers, each coupled to a respective one of the downstream ports, and an upstream data handler coupled to the upstream port. The data handlers are configured to implement a USB protocol. The upstream data handler is configured to store specific transactions (comprising data) received through the upstream port. Each respective downstream data handler is configured to access respective transactions of the stored specific transactions intended for the downstream port associated with the respective downstream data handler, and transmit to its associated respective downstream port the data comprised in its respective transactions. Accordingly, the upstream data handler is shared between the various downstream data handlers.

Abstract: A device may include an upstream port and several downstream ports configured to transfer data at a different data transfer rate than the upstream port. The device may also include several downstream data handlers, each coupled to a respective one of the downstream ports, and an upstream data handler coupled to the upstream port. The data handlers are configured to implement a USB protocol. The upstream data handler is configured to provide data received via the upstream port to each of the downstream data handlers. Accordingly, the upstream data handler is shared between the various downstream data handlers.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a method and apparatus for implementing multiple transaction translators that share a single memory in a serial hub are disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) hub may include a shared memory device, at least one faster data handler coupled to transfer data between the shared memory device and a faster port, and several slower handlers each coupled to transfer data between the shared memory device and a respective one of several slower ports.

Abstract: A device may include an upstream port and several downstream ports configured to transfer data at a different data transfer rate than the upstream port. The device may also include several downstream data handlers, each coupled to a respective one of the downstream ports, and an upstream data handler coupled to the upstream port. The data handlers are configured to implement a USB protocol. The upstream data handler is configured to provide data received via the upstream port to each of the downstream data handlers.

Abstract: A device may include an upstream port and several downstream ports configured to transfer data at a different data transfer rate than the upstream port. The device may also include several downstream data handlers, each coupled to a respective one of the downstream ports, and an upstream data handler coupled to the upstream port. The data handlers are configured to implement a USB protocol. The upstream data handler is configured to provide data received via the upstream port to each of the downstream data handlers. Accordingly, the upstream data handler is shared between the various downstream data handlers.

Abstract: A device may include an upstream port and several downstream ports configured to transfer data at a different data transfer rate than the upstream port. The device may also include several downstream data handlers, each coupled to a respective one of the downstream ports, and an upstream data handler coupled to the upstream port. The data handlers are configured to implement a USB protocol. The upstream data handler is configured to provide data received via the upstream port to each of the downstream data handlers.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a method and apparatus for implementing multiple transaction translators that share a single memory in a serial hub are disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) hub may include a shared memory device, at least one faster data handler coupled to transfer data between the shared memory device and a faster port, and several slower handlers each coupled to transfer data between the shared memory device and a respective one of several slower ports.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a system for reordering commands to achieve an optimal command sequence based on a target response restriction is disclosed. A data queue coupled to a command queue is arranged to store a time indicating when the data transfer will appear on the data bus between the controller for an already issued request to the target device as well as arranged to store the burst bit and the read/write bit (r/w). The system also includes a collision detector coupled to the data queue and the command queue arranged to detect the possible collisions on the data bus between the issued command that is stored in the command queue and already issued commands that are stored in the data queue. A queues and link controller is coupled to the collision detector and the data queue and the command queue and is arranged to store and reorder commands to be issued wherein the controller calculates the new issue time of commands as well as a time when the data appears on the data bus.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for very fast calculation of the earliest command issue time for a new command issued by a memory controller is disclosed. The memory controller includes N page status registers each of which includes four page timers such that each of the page timers store a period of time between a last issued command to the particular page and a predicted next access to the memory, wherein the next access to the same page can be “close”, “open”, “write” or “read”. An incoming new command is received and it is then determined how long a particularly page access has to wait before the issue. An appropriate contents of a command timing lookup table is selected by the new command. A new time value is written into appropriate page timers that has to be inserted between the new command and a possible next access to the same page.

Abstract: A universal access controller is described. The universal resource access controller is coupled to a requesting system and a resource, such that when the requesting system desires access to the resource, the requesting system generates a resource access request which is passed to the universal resource controller. The universal resource controller, in turn, uses a specific characteristic operating parameter of the requested resource as well as a current state of the requested resource to generate a corresponding sequenced universal access request command suitable for accessing the resource as required by the requesting system.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a scheduler suitable for reordering of memory requests to achieve higher average utilization of the command and data bus is described. The scheduler for scheduling a plurality of commands to an associated memory, the memory comprising a plurality of M memory banks and a plurality of N memory pages includes restriction circuitry for determining an earliest issue time for each command based at least in part on access delays associated with others of the commands corresponding to a same memory bank and reordering circuitry for determining an order in which the commands should be transmitted to the associated memory with reference to the earliest issue time associated with each command and a data occurrence time associated with selected ones of the commands.

Abstract: According to the present invention, techniques for re-reordering command and data packets in order to restore an original order of out-of-order memory requests are described. In one embodiment, a method of increasing data bandwidth by reordering incoming memory requests in order to avoid gaps between commands on a command bus and data packets on a data bus while maintaining the original incoming memory request order is disclosed. A best position in a command queue is calculated for each new incoming command by a reordering block coupled to the command queue. Read data is stored in a data queue while the associated incoming commands are stored in their respective original order in a FIFO register included in a re-reordering block. The data is stored in its original order in a data queue while incoming data from the memory is stored in a read-data buffer included in the re-reordering block according to the order stored in the data queue.

Abstract: A method of using bank tag registers in a multi-bank memory device to avoid background operation collision is described. A memory controller includes a plurality of bank registers, each of which is associated with one of a plurality of memory banks, wherein a bank register is arranged to store information, a bank number, a bank status, and a bank counter for a particular bank. The memory controller further includes an adjustable bank comparator coupled to each bank register. The memory controller receives an incoming system address request, which includes a requested bank number. The requested bank number is used to configure the adjustable bank comparator with the particular bank operating characteristics, to locate the bank register, and to determine the bank status and the bank entry status of the requested memory bank. The requested memory bank is accessed when the bank entry status identifies the requested memory bank as open.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an apparatus for prioritizing access to external devices includes a request queue suitably arranged to store any number of requesting device requests of the external devices, a request queue controller unit coupled to the request queue suitably arranged to fetch any of the requests stored therein, a responds queue suitably arranged to store any number of responses from the external devices.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a scheduler that uses a timing-look-up-table and page timers to determine the time between two consecutive memory accesses is described. The scheduler for scheduling a plurality of commands to an associated memory, the memory comprising a plurality of M memory banks and a plurality of N memory pages includes restriction circuitry for determining an earliest issue time for each command based at least in part on access delays associated with others of the commands corresponding to a same memory bank and reordering circuitry for determining an order in which the commands should be transmitted to the associated memory with reference to the earliest issue time associated with each command and a data occurrence time associated with selected ones of the commands.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for controlling access to a memory device is disclosed. A requesting system is identified, the configurable system interface is then configured in order to accommodate the identified requesting system and a memory access request is generated by the requesting system. A universal command is generated by the configurable system interface based upon the memory access request which is then converted from the universal command to a sequenced universal command by the command sequencer based upon both the current state of the memory device as indicated by the corresponding resource tag and the operating characteristic of the memory as indicated by the corresponding the characteristic operating parameter. The memory is then accessed using the sequenced universal command.

Abstract: Computer memory conflict avoidance using a plurality of page registers coupled individually to a plurality of memory banks is described. An incoming system address request containing a requested memory bank number and a requested page number is received by the memory controller. The page register number corresponding to the requested memory bank is located and the open page address in the located page register is compared to the requested page address. If the requested page number corresponds to the open page address, it is then accessed. If it does not match, the memory page corresponding to the requested page address is closed, the memory page corresponding to the requested page address is opened and then accessed.

Abstract: A method of using a reduced number of page tag registers to track a state of physical pages in memory systems are is described. An incoming system address request is received that includes a requested bank number and a requested page number. A page register located in memory controller corresponding to the requested bank number is then located and the stored page address included in the located page register is then compared to the requested page address. The requested page in the memory bank corresponding to the requested bank number is then accessed when the stored page address matches the requested page address for the requested memory bank. The stored page using page address from the page register of the bank which number is given by random page register number generator is closed if the requested bank and stored page address do not match. However, a new page using the page address from the incoming system address is opened after which the requested bank is accessed.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a system for reordering commands to achieve an optimal command sequence based on a target response restriction is disclosed. A data queue coupled to a command queue is arranged to store a time indicating when the data transfer will appear on the data bus between the controller for an already issued request to the target device as well as arranged to store the burst bit and the read/write bit (r/w). The system also includes a collision detector coupled to the data queue and the command queue arranged to detect the possible collisions on the data bus between the issued command that is stored in the command queue and already issued commands that are stored in the data queue. A queues and link controller is coupled to the collision detector and the data queue and the command queue and is arranged to store and reorder commands to be issued wherein the controller calculates the new issue time of commands as well as a time when the data appears on the data bus.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an apparatus for prioritizing access to external devices includes a request queue suitably arranged to store any number of reqeusting device requests of the external devices, a request queue controller unit coupled to the request queue suitably arranged to fetch any of the requests stored therein, a responds queue suitably arranged to store any number of responses from the the external devices.