Abstract: A multi-tap Differential Feedforward Equalizer (DFFE) configuration with both precursor and postcursor taps is provided. The DFFE has reduced noise and/or crosstalk characteristics when compared to a Feedforward Equalizer (FFE) since DFFE uses decision outputs of slicers as inputs to a finite impulse response (FIR) unlike FFE which uses actual analog signal inputs. The digital outputs of the tentative decision slicers are multiplied with tap coefficients to reduce noise. Further, since digital outputs are used as the multiplier inputs, the multipliers effectively work as adders which are less complex to implement. The decisions at the outputs of the tentative decision slicers are tentative and are used in a FIR filter to equalize the signal; the equalized signal may be provided as input to the next stage slicers. The bit-error-rate (BER) of the final stage decisions are lower or better than the BER of the previous stage tentative decisions.

Abstract: A bypass seamless switching apparatus and a method thereof are provided, in which a controller sends a first control signal to control or switch a first relay to on/off state, sends a second control signal to control or switch a second relay to on/off state, and sends a switch signal to control or switch a bypass switch module to on/off state. When the controller is in failure mode or is disconnected, a driving power supply of a bypass circuit provides a driving signal to the bypass switch module to maintain or switch a switch of the bypass switch module to on state, so that the bypass switch module is in short-circuit state or short-circuit protection state, and a bypass side voltage of the bypass switch module is equal to or close to zero voltage, so as to execute bypass function or bypass seamless switching function of the bypass switch module.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a passivation layer on a semiconductor substrate; a first redistribution line on and extending along the passivation layer; a second redistribution line on and extending along the passivation layer; a first dielectric layer on the first redistribution line, the second redistribution line, and the passivation layer; and an under bump metallization having a bump portion and a first via portion, the bump portion disposed on and extending along the first dielectric layer, the bump portion overlapping the first redistribution line and the second redistribution line, the first via portion extending through the first dielectric layer to be physically and electrically coupled to the first redistribution line.

Abstract: A protection circuit applied to a convertor including M pieces of driving switch modules each coupled to a power source, a load and one of M sets of driving signals. The ith driving switch module is controlled by the ith set of driving signals to selectively enable current paths between the power source and the load. A first sub protection circuit in the protection circuit includes a first protection switch module and a first detection module coupled to the first protection switch module. When the ith set of driving signals indicates an error event, the first protection switch module selectively couples the ith set of driving signals to a reference voltage according to a first detection signal. M and i are positive integers, and i is not larger than M.

Abstract: A control method for an energy voltage regulator includes: detecting an output AC signal of a current cycle to generate a reference current command; comparing the reference current command with a reference upper power limit; and if the reference current command is lower than the reference upper power limit, generating a first current command based on the reference current command, to perform a discontinuous conduct control and to operate the energy voltage regulator under a discontinuous conduct state.

Abstract: A protection circuit applied to a convertor including M pieces of driving switch modules each coupled to a power source, a load and one of M sets of driving signals. The ith driving switch module is controlled by the ith set of driving signals to selectively enable current paths between the power source and the load. A first sub protection circuit in the protection circuit includes a first protection switch module and a first detection module coupled to the first protection switch module. When the ith set of driving signals indicates an error event, the first protection switch module selectively couples the ith set of driving signals to a reference voltage according to a first detection signal. M and i are positive integers, and i is not larger than M.

Abstract: A control method for a DC to AC converter, selectively operating in a continuous conduction mode and a discontinuous conduction mode is disclosed. In the discontinuous conduction mode, the DC to AC converter outputs a first output signal having a first work frequency according to a power value of an input signal. The first work frequency relates to a plurality of first cycles. A first transition period and a first standby period in each first cycle have a first time ratio therebetween. Determine a power value of the first output signal produced during the first transition period. When the power value of the first output signal increases, the first work frequency is increased. When the power value of the first output signal decreases, the first work frequency is decreased.

Abstract: An output power adjusting method is applied on an inverter. The inverter includes a capacitor to store direct current (DC) electricity provided by a photovoltaic (PV) module. At least the DC electricity provided by the PV module is converted into alternating current (AC) electricity. Determine whether a power value of the AC electricity exceeds a power threshold. When the AC electricity exceeds the power threshold, the inverter works in a continuous mode. When the AC electricity does not exceed the power threshold, the inverter works in a discontinuous mode where the PV module charges the capacitor. In the discontinuous mode, determine whether a voltage on the capacitor exceeds a reference voltage, and when the voltage on the capacitor exceeds the reference voltage, the DC electricity provided by the PV module and DC electricity in pulses provided by the capacitor are converted to the AC electricity.

Abstract: An output power adjusting method is applied on an inverter. The inverter includes a capacitor to store direct current (DC) electricity provided by a photovoltaic (PV) module. At least the DC electricity provided by the PV module is converted into alternating current (AC) electricity. Determine whether a power value of the AC electricity exceeds a power threshold. When the AC electricity exceeds the power threshold, the inverter works in a continuous mode. When the AC electricity does not exceed the power threshold, the inverter works in a discontinuous mode where the PV module charges the capacitor. In the discontinuous mode, determine whether a voltage on the capacitor exceeds a reference voltage, and when the voltage on the capacitor exceeds the reference voltage, the DC electricity provided by the PV module and DC electricity in pulses provided by the capacitor are converted to the AC electricity.

Abstract: A full-bridge quasi-resonant DC-DC converter is provided, including a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a full-bridge converting circuit electrically connected with the primary winding of the transformer, a resonant capacitor provided between the full-bridge converting circuit and the primary winding, a rectifier circuit electrically connected with the secondary winding of the transformer, and a resonant inductor connected in series with the rectifier circuit. Therefore, the full-bridge quasi-resonant DC-DC converter reduces the switching losses of the switching elements and effectively reduces the size of the converter, while increases the conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A control method for an energy voltage regulator includes: detecting an output AC signal of a current cycle to generate a reference current command; comparing the reference current command with a reference upper power limit; and if the reference current command is lower than the reference upper power limit, generating a first current command based on the reference current command, to perform a discontinuous conduct control and to operate the energy voltage regulator under a discontinuous conduct state.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a power conversion circuit for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage; and an active clamp circuit for soft switching a first active switching element of the power conversion circuit and recovering leakage inductance energy of a main transformer of the power conversion circuit. As such, the present disclosure provides a DC-DC converter that reduces the switching loss of the switching elements and effectively recovers the leakage inductance energy, thus increasing the conversion efficiency of the converter.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a power conversion circuit for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage; and an active clamp circuit for soft switching a first active switching element of the power conversion circuit and recovering leakage inductance energy of a main transformer of the power conversion circuit, As such, the present disclosure provides a DC-DC converter that reduces the switching loss of the switching elements and effectively recovers the leakage inductance energy, thus increasing the conversion efficiency of the converter.

Abstract: A full-bridge quasi-resonant DC-DC converter is provided, including a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a full-bridge converting circuit electrically connected with the primary winding of the transformer, a resonant capacitor provided between the full-bridge converting circuit and the primary winding, a rectifier circuit electrically connected with the secondary winding of the transformer, and a resonant inductor connected in series with the rectifier circuit. Therefore, the full-bridge quasi-resonant DC-DC converter reduces the switching losses of the switching elements and effectively reduces the size of the converter, while increases the conversion efficiency.