Abstract: An advantageous process for pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysable polysaccharide enriched biomass with reduced amount of inhibitors of catalysis comprising steps of: providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass; chopping of cellulosic biomass to have a cellulosic biomass feed material of uniform size; feeding of uniform sized feed material to a horizontal counter current extraction unit; removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from the extraction unit; soaking the extruded feed material obtained from the extraction unit; optionally removing excess of water from the feed material obtained after acid soaking; steam pre-treating the feed material obtained after removing excess of water from the acid soaked feed material; neutralizing the slurry obtained from the steam pre-treating; and optionally saccharifying the neutralized slurry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of second generation ethanol production from a lignocellulosic biomass. The process comprises subjecting a slurry of pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass comprising C5 and C6 sugars in a fermentor; preferentially fermenting mainly C5 sugars by incubating the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass of step (i) with first cellulase enzyme, co-fermenting microorganism, nutrient in the fermentor at 30-37° C. for a period of 16 to 24 hours; adding second cellulase enzyme to the fermentation broth of step (ii) and increasing the temperature to 45-55° C. for hydrolysis; allowing the fermentation broth of step (iii) to cool to a temperature of 35-38° C.; and preferentially fermenting C6 sugars by incubating the broth of step (iv) with a second dose of co-fermenting microorganism for a period of 6-8 hours to obtain ethanol. The process results in high ethanol productivity in shortest duration of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for simultaneous production of citric acid and cellulolytic enzymes. The batch process comprising (i) adding slurry of a pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose in a fermentation media; (ii) inoculating 10% (v/v) active liquid seed culture of Penicillium funiculosum MRJ-16 in the fermentation media of step (i); (iii) subjecting the culture of step (ii) to fermentation in an aerated fermenter at a temperature of 28-33° C. for a duration of 96 hours; and (iv) collecting enzyme broth after fermentation of step (iii) to obtain citric acid and cellulolytic enzymes. The batch and fed-batch process of the present invention results in high titer production of citric acid and cellulolytic enzymes in a single step and using single microbial strain.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to device having a memory block and a sense amplifier coupled to the memory block. The device may include a bias generator that applies a bias signal to the sense amplifier for regulating read current to the sense amplifier for faster activation of the memory block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cellulases enzymes production by Penicillium funiculosum MRJ-16 using minimum media components and/or low cost media components like cellulose or pretreated lignocellulosic biomass as carbon source and soya flour or defatted soya flour or de-oiled soya cake as nitrogen source. The present invention also provides a method for production of high titer of cellulases and hemicellulases enzymes using Penicillium funiculosum MRJ-16 using minimum media and/or low cost media components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous production of second-generation ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass via continuous simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) process, wherein the process includes a first fermentor vessel for selectively fermenting C5 sugars and then Continuous transferring the fermented biomass to a second fermentor vessel for hydrolyzing the fermented biomass and then Continuous transferring the hydrolysate to a third fermentor vessel for selectively fermenting C6 sugars to obtain ethanol. Overall, the ethanol yield achieved was up to 70% for both C5 and C6 sugars from pretreated biomass; and C5 utilization exceeded 95% after SSCF.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to device having a clock generator that provides write reference signals. The device may include a voltage divider that receives the write reference signals and provides an output reference signal based on write polarity of the write reference signals. The device may include a voltage regulator that receives the output reference signal and provides a regulated voltage to a load based on the output reference signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a formulation to stabilize lignocellulolytic enzyme mixture. This invention in particular relates to a formulation composed of lignocellulolytic enzyme with critical dosages of molasses either with petrochemical waste or glycerol as an additive to improve enzyme stability in a synergistic manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive or additive composition for improved production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis. More particularly, the present invention discloses petrochemical waste as an additive or an additive composition containing one or more ethylene glycol oligomers and one or more metal ions which are useful for improved production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: A first data packet can be received from an origination terminal at a remote server operatively coupled to the origination terminal and an end user terminal. The first data packet can have a plurality of offers and image or video data acquired by an image/video sensor. The image or video data can be processed by the remote server using an image processing algorithm to estimate a current idle time associated with the origination terminal. One or more aspects of the plurality of offers can be controlled by the remote server based on the current idle time. A second data packet including the plurality of offers can be transmitted to the end user terminal by the remote server. A selection of a preferred offer of the plurality of offers can be received from the end user terminal at the remote server. The preferred offer can be provided to the origination terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass via modified simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), wherein the process includes transferring or recirculation of residual biomass from a first batch of SSCF to a second batch of SSCF at the time of enzymatic hydrolysis and then transferring the residual biomass in part or completely from the second batch of SSCF to a third batch of SSCF process to its hydrolysis reaction step. Overall, the average ethanol yield from three conjugative batch of SSCF is 5.06% higher compare to the single batch of SSCF without adding any additional enzyme, and hydrolysis time.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to device having a memory block and a sense amplifier coupled to the memory block. The device may include a bias generator that applies a bias signal to the sense amplifier for regulating read current to the sense amplifier for faster activation of the memory block.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to device having a clock generator that provides write reference signals. The device may include a voltage divider that receives the write reference signals and provides an output reference signal based on write polarity of the write reference signals. The device may include a voltage regulator that receives the output reference signal and provides a regulated voltage to a load based on the output reference signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of second generation ethanol production from a lignocellulosic biomass. The process comprises subjecting a slurry of pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass comprising C5 and C6 sugars in a fermentor; preferentially fermenting mainly C5 sugars by incubating the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass of step (i) with first cellulase enzyme, co-fermenting microorganism, nutrient in the fermentor at 30-37° C. for a period of 16 to 24 hours; adding second cellulase enzyme to the fermentation broth of step (ii) and increasing the temperature to 45-55° C. for hydrolysis; allowing the fermentation broth of step (iii) to cool to a temperature of 35-38° C.; and preferentially fermenting C6 sugars by incubating the broth of step (iv) with a second dose of co-fermenting microorganism for a period of 6-8 hours to obtain ethanol. The process results in high ethanol productivity in shortest duration of time.

Abstract: A power-module assembly includes a plurality of power modules each including a power stage having a substrate and a transistor-based switching arrangement supported on the substrate. The power modules are arranged in a stack that defines coolant chambers interleaved with the power stages and defines a pair of coolant-supply manifolds disposed on opposing sides of the stack and extending along a length of the stack. For each power module, the substrate defines a network of cooling channels connecting the supply manifolds to a corresponding one of the chambers. The network includes first channels each configured to receive coolant from the pair of coolant-supply manifolds, second channels substantially parallel to the first channels and each opening into the corresponding one of the chambers, and third channels crisscrossing the first and second channels to connect the first and second channels in fluid communication.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein refer to an integrated circuit having a sense amplifier that operates with a clock signal, and the sense amplifier may be biased with a bias signal that affects duration of the clock signal. The integrated circuit may include a delay circuit coupled to the sense amplifier, and the delay circuit may turn-off the clock signal. The delay circuit may have a current-starved delay stage that receives an input signal having a falling edge and provides a current-starved delay signal biased by the bias signal that also biases the sense amplifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a high titer of enzyme mixture comprising cellulases, hemicellulases and ?-glucosidases in reutilization of waste water generated during hot water extraction of lignocellulosic biomass or biorefinery waste water using Penicillium funiculosum MRJ-16 mutant strain. The cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass used in the fermentation process is selected from the group consisting of rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, cotton stalk or a combination thereof. The enzyme mixture obtained by the present process is used for the saccharification of acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass.

Abstract: An SRAM cell in a bit interleaved memory architecture with two phase sequential write scheme to achieve 100% write ability and the SNM target with bit interleaved architecture in SRAM.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stacked transistors with dielectric between source/drain materials of different strata, as well as related methods and devices. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit structure may include stacked strata of transistors, wherein a dielectric material is between source/drain materials of adjacent strata, and the dielectric material is conformal on underlying source/drain material.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein refer to an integrated circuit having a sense amplifier that operates with a clock signal, and the sense amplifier may be biased with a bias signal that affects duration of the clock signal. The integrated circuit may include a delay circuit coupled to the sense amplifier, and the delay circuit may turn-off the clock signal. The delay circuit may have a current-starved delay stage that receives an input signal having a falling edge and provides a current-starved delay signal biased by the bias signal that also biases the sense amplifier.