Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing cotyledonary pine embryos. The methods of the invention each include the step of culturing embryogenic pine tissue in, or on, a medium comprising a disaccharide and glucose to yield cotyledonary pine embryos, wherein the disaccharide and glucose are each present in the medium at a concentration of less than 3 percent. The present invention also provides cotyledonary pine embryos prepared by a method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing cotyledonary pine embryos. The methods of the invention each include the step of culturing embryogenic pine tissue in, or on, a medium including at least one gibberellin to yield cotyledonary pine embryos. In some embodiments, an absorbent composition, such as activated charcoal, is included in the medium to further promote production of cotyledonary pine embryos.

Abstract: Apomorphine derivative compounds; pharmaceutically active compositions of apomorphine derivative compounds; and the use of apomorphine derivative compounds in methods for treating sexual dysfunction or for enhancing apomorphine effectiveness for patients treated with apomorphine are disclosed. The apomorphine derivatives may be esters, ethers, amides, mixed anhydrides, hemiacetals, glucuronates, sulfates or phosphonates. A preferred apomorphine derivative is norapomorphine.

Abstract: Methods for administering apomorphine to a patient for the treatment of sexual dysfunctions while reducing undesirable side effects are disclosed. In the methods, the concentration of apomorphine is attained within the patients' plasma of up to 10 nanograms per milliliter. Advantageously, this concentration may be achieved with less than 15% of patients so treated experiencing emesis. Methods of administration are intranasally, by inhalation to the lungs or by oral ingestion.

Abstract: Apomorphine derivative compounds; pharmaceutically active compositions of apomorphine derivative compounds; and the use of apomorphine derivative compounds in methods for treating sexual dysfunction or for enhancing apomorphine effectiveness for patients treated with apomorphine are disclosed. The apomorphine derivatives may be esters, ethers, amides, mixed anhydrides, hemiacetals, glucuronates, sulfates or phosphonates. A preferred apomorphine derivative is norapomorphine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and formulations for administering a dopamine agonist to the airways of a patient. The preferred dopamine agonist is selected from (5aR-trans)-4,5,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2-propylbenzo[f]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline- 9,10) -diol, diacetate (ester) hydrochloride. The delivery method relates to certain aerosol formulations and liquid formulations which are administered into the airways to provide effective delivery of the dopamine agonists to the receptor.

Abstract: The invention concerns measurement of sucrose series oligosaccharides, particularly sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose, and the dehydrin group proteins, in conifer somatic embryos as a measure of their biochemical maturity and readiness to germinate. The information gained is useful for evaluation of the effectiveness of the culture media, particularly that used for the development of the cotyledonary embryo stage. Somatic embryos having elevated levels of the oligosaccharides have been shown to have improved germination, especially those in the genus Pinus. The invention is also directed to conifer somatic embryos having elevated levels of sucrose series oligosaccharides and dehydrin group proteins.

Abstract: A process for preparing fine particle pharmaceutical formulations having improved throughput and producing greater uniformity of particle size. The process relates to adding to the dry components of the formulation prior to the steps of wetting, extrusion and spheronization, an extrusion aid material selected from pharmaceutically acceptable oils and waxes having a drop point between about 15.degree. C. and 115.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for clonal propagation by somatic polyembryogenesis. The method allows for clonal propagation of embryonal suspensor mass resulting in true-to-type suspensor development of the conifer embryo leading to development of plantlets and plants.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for aerosol delivery comprising a medicament, a non-chlorofluorocarbon propellant and a protective colloid, as well as a method for preparing such compositions in which the aggregation of the particles is prevented without the use of surfactants or cosolvents.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing bleomycin solutions and to the stable bleomycin solutions resulting therefrom are described. In the method described, bleomycin solution is stabilized by solubilizing bleomycin powder in an aqueous solution and storing the solution at reduced temperature while it awaits use.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for aerosol delivery comprising (a) a medicament, (b) a non-chlorofluorocarbon propellant, and (c) a vegetable oil or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, as well as a method for preparing such compositions in which unwanted aggregation of the medicament is prevented without the use of surfactants, protective colloids or cosolvents.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for aerosol delivery comprising (a) a medicament, (b) a non-chlorofluorocarbon propellant, and (c) a polyglycolized glyceride having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance of between and including 6 and 14, wherein the medicament is present in a concentration of between about 0.05% and about 5% by weight and the polyglycolized glyceride is present in a concentration of between about 0.001% and about 10% by weight, the nonchlorofluorocarbon propellant is selected from the group consisting of HCFC 123, HCFC 124, HCFC 141b, HCFC 225, HCFC 125, FC-C 51-12, DYMEL A, DYMEL 152a, HFC 134a and HFC 227ea in which unwanted aggregation of the medicament is prevented without the use of surfactants, protective colloids or cosolvents.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical tablet containing a therapeutically active compound and between 5% and about 20% by weight of an oil, preferably selected from vegetable, mineral, animal and edible oils, as well as a method for preparing such tablets. Such tablets provide for the controlled release of the therapeutically active compound from the tablet and also enhance the stability of some therapeutically active compounds.

Abstract: The invention is a method for reproducing coniferous trees by somatic embryogenesis using plant tissue culture techniques in a multistage culturing process. A suitable explant, typically the fertilized embryo excised from an immature seed, is first cultured on a medium that induces multiple early stage proembryos. These are multiplied in a second culture having reduced growth hormones. Maltose is supplied as the carbon and energy source in the second culture. Alternatively, a sucrose-containing maintenance and multiplication medium may be used followed by at least two subcultures on a maltose based maintenance medium. The early stage embryos grow in size and vigor to advanced early stage embryos. The embryos are then transferred to a cotyledonary embryo development culture. After several weeks somatic embryos having the appearance of zygotic embryos will have formed. These may be germinated before or after storage and transplanted to soil for further growth.

Abstract: The invention is a method for reproducing Douglas-fir by somatic embryogenesis using plant tissue culture techniques in a multistage culturing process. A suitable explant, typically the fertilized embryo excised from an immature seed, is first cultured on a medium that induces multiple early stage embryos. These are multiplied in a second culture having reduced growth hormones where the early stage embryos grow in size and vigor to advanced early stage embryos. The embryos may then be transferred directly to a cotyledonary embryo development culture containing an adsorbent such as activated charcoal. Preferably, they are first singulated by shaking in two or more liquid subcultures containing the adsorbent prior to placing them on the development medium. After several weeks somatic embryos having the appearance of zygotic embryos will have formed. These may be germinated before or after storage and transplanted to soil for further growth.

Abstract: The invention is a method for reproducing coniferous trees by somatic embryogenesis using plant tissue culture techniques in a multistage culturing process. A suitable explant, typically the fertilized embryo excised from an immature seed, is first cultured on a medium that induces multiple early stage proembryos. These are multiplied in a second culture having reduced growth hormones. The early stage embryos may then be placed in or on a late stage proembryo development culture in order to develop very robust late stage proembryos having at least 100 cells. Culturing from this point continues in a cotyledonary embryo development medium containing an active gibberellin (GA) in an amount up to about 50 mg/L. Preferably exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) is also present in a similar amount. Concentration of GA and ABA may be reduced over time by inclusion of an adsorbent such as activated charcoal or by stepwise subcultures in which the later cultures have reduced hormone concentrations.

Abstract: The invention is a method for reproducing coniferous trees by somatic embryo-genesis using plant tissue culture techniques in a multistage culturing process. A suitable explant, typically the fertilized embryo excised from an immature seed, is first cultured on a medium that induces multiple early stage proembryos. These are multiplied in a second culture having reduced growth hormones. The early stage embryos may then be placed in or on a late stage proembryo development culture with a significantly higher osmotic potential than the previous stage or stages in order to develop very robust late stage proembryos having at least 100 cells. Culturing from this point continues in a cotyledonary embryo development medium having a raised osmotic potential. Exogenous abscisic acid is now required at this stage.

Abstract: The invention lies in the field of conifer tissue culture. It is especially directed to a method for production of large concentrations of embryonal cells particularly suitable for genetic modification. The cells are enriched in the sense that the ratio of embryonal to nonembryogenic cells is very significantly in crased over that attained by earlier methods. The method comprises first developing an embryonalsuspensor mass containing early stage proembryos from a suitable explant. These are multiplied in a maintenance medium and developed to late stage proembryos in a medium that preferably has an osmotic level raised about 30-50% over the initiation medium. The late stage proembryos are transferred to a new medium that again has the osmotic level raised about 35-55% over the proembryo development medium. After three to six transfers a large number of embryonal cells without suspensors will have formed. These may be used in any of the known methods for genetic alteration.

Abstract: The invention is a method for developing tissue culture induced coniferous somatic proembryos into well developed cotyledonary embryos. The method comprises a multistage culturing process in which early stage proembryos are cultured on a late stage proembryo medium comprising a significantly higher osmotic potential along with abscisic acid and an absorbent material to gradually reduce the level of available abscisic acid over time. Culturing from this point continues in an embryo development medium having a high osmotic potential in which the osmotic potential is preferably raised during embryo development to a final level of about 450 mM/kg. Through this process the vigor and morphology of the embryos is improved and the tendency to germinate prematurely is significantly reduced. After a period of several weeks in culture somatic embryos having the appearance of zygotic embryos will have formed. These may be germinated before or after storage and transplanted to the soil for further growth.