Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising a) forming a mixture comprising: i) an aromatic nitrogen-containing compound, ii) a saccharide; and iii) a silica precursor; b) adding an amount of water to the mixture to initiate a condensation reaction; and c) precipitating a plurality of amorphous silica-based nanoparticles. Also disclosed herein is a plurality of amorphous silica-based nanoparticles, scaffolds, and devices comprising the same, in addition to methods of using the same.

Abstract: Amorphous SiOx (SiO2), SiONx, silicon nitride (Si3N4), surface treatments are provided, on both metal (titanium) and non-metal surfaces. Amorphous silicon-film surface treatments are shown to enhance osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cell bioactivity, including biomineral formation and osteogenic gene panel expression, as well as enhanced surface hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. A mineralized tissue interface is provided using the amorphous silicon-based surface treatments in the presence of osteoblasts, and provides improved bone cell generation/repair and improved interface for secure attachment/bonding to bone. Methods for providing PEVCD-based silicon overlays onto surfaces are provided. Methods of increasing antioxidant enzyme (e.g., superoxide dismutase) expression at a treated surface for enhanced healing are also provided.

Abstract: Amorphous SiOx (SiO2), SiONx, silicon nitride (Si3N4), surface treatments are provided, on both metal (titanium) and non-metal surfaces. Amorphous silicon-film surface treatments are shown to enhance osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cell bioactivity, including biomineral formation and osteogenic gene panel expression, as well as enhanced surface hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. A mineralized tissue interface is provided using the amorphous silicon-based surface treatments in the presence of osteoblasts, and provides improved bone cell generation/repair and improved interface for secure attachment/bonding to bone. Methods for providing PEVCD-based silicon overlays onto surfaces are provided. Methods of increasing antioxidant enzyme (e.g., superoxide dismutase) expression at a treated surface for enhanced healing are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, methods and processes for fabricating and using a device or other implement including a surface or surfaces having a nanoscale or microscale layer or coating of Si—O—N—P. These coatings and/or layers may be continuous, on the surface or discontinuous (e.g., patterned, grooved), and may be provided on silica surfaces, metal (e.g., titanium), ceramic, and combination/hybrid materials. Methods of producing an implantable device, such as a load-bearing or non-load-bearing device, such as a bone or other structural implant device (load-bearing), are also presented. Craniofacial, osteogenic and disordered bone regeneration (osteoporosis) uses and applications of devices that include at least one surface that is treated to include a nanoscale or microscale layer or coating of Si—O—N—P are also provided. Methods of using the treated and/or coated devices to enhance enhanced vascularization and healing at a treated surface of a device in vivo, is also presented.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions, core-shell nanoparticles, and related methods are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, a lubricant composition includes a plurality of core-shell nanoparticles. The nanoparticles include a core, a first shell disposed on the core, and a second shell disposed on the first shell. The first shell is formed from a siliceous material and the second shell is formed from a hydrophobic material. The first and second shells form functional coatings that reduce wear and friction of parts lubricated with the lubricant composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, methods and processes for fabricating and using a device or other implement including a surface or surfaces having a nanoscale or microscale layer or coating of Si—O—N—P. These coatings and/or layers may be continuous, on the surface or discontinuous (e.g., patterned, grooved), and may be provided on silica surfaces, metal (e.g., titanium), ceramic, and combination/hybrid materials. Methods of producing an implantable device, such as a load-bearing or non-load-bearing device, such as a bone or other structural implant device (load-bearing), are also presented. Craniofacial, osteogenic and disordered bone regeneration (osteoporosis) uses and applications of devices that include at least one surface that is treated to include a nanoscale or microscale layer or coating of Si—O—N—P are also provided. Methods of using the treated and/or coated devices to enhance enhanced vascularization and healing at a treated surface of a device in vivo, is also presented.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions, core-shell nanoparticles, and related methods are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, a lubricant composition includes a plurality of core-shell nanoparticles. The nanoparticles include a core, a first shell disposed on the core, and a second shell disposed on the first shell. The first shell is formed from a siliceous material and the second shell is formed from a hydrophobic material. The first and second shells form functional coatings that reduce wear and friction of parts lubricated with the lubricant composition.

Abstract: Anti-wear and/or friction reducing formulations that include a mixture of at least one first ionic liquid and at least one ashless antiwear compound. The ashless antiwear compound can be a second ionic liquid or an ashless thiophosphate compound. The formulation desirably provides synergistic anti-wear and/or friction reducing properties. The first IL can be a monocationic ionic liquid or a dicationic ionic liquid. The second IL is a dicationic ionic liquid. The ashless thiophosphate is desirably a thiophosphate, such as a fluorothiophosphate (FTP), an alkylphosphorofluoridothiolate, or an alkylthioperoxydithiophosphate. Antiwear and/or friction reduction formulations comprising the above mixtures diluted up to 25% by weight in a base oil.

Abstract: Amorphous SiOx (SiO2), SiONx, silicon nitride (Si3N4), surface treatments are provided, on both metal (titanium) and non-metal surfaces. Amorphous silicon-film surface treatments are shown to enhance osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cell bioactivity, including biomineral formation and osteogenic gene panel expression, as well as enhanced surface hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. A mineralized tissue interface is provided using the amorphous silicon-based surface treatments in the presence of osteoblasts, and provides improved bone cell generation/repair and improved interface for secure attachment/bonding to bone. Methods for providing PEVCD-based silicon overlays onto surfaces are provided. Methods of increasing antioxidant enzyme (e.g., superoxide dismutase) expression at a treated surface for enhanced healing are also provided.

Abstract: Anti-wear and/or friction reducing formulations that include a mixture of at least one first ionic liquid and at least one ashless antiwear compound. The ashless antiwear compound can be a second ionic liquid or an ashless thiophosphate compound. The formulation desirably provides synergistic anti-wear and/or friction reducing properties. The first IL can be a monocationie ionic liquid or a dicationic ionic liquid. The second IL is a dicationic ionic liquid. The ashless thiophosphate is desirably a thiophosphate, such as a fluorothiophosphate (FTP), an alkylphosphorofluoridothiolate, or an alkylthioperoxydithiophosphate. Antiwear and/or friction reduction formulations comprising the above mixtures diluted up to 25% by weight in a base oil.

Abstract: Alkylthioperoxydiphosphates having an alkyl group between about 4 and 18 carbons, a decomposition temperature between about 150 and 300° C. and a wear volume between about 0.0025 and 0.0015 mm3 in HFRB testing, and methods of making same. Lubricant additives that includes the alkylthioperoxydiphosphates.

Abstract: A additive is incorporated into a filter for use with engine oil such that when the engine oil passes through the filter media the engine oil, or components of the engine oil react with the additive inside the filter to produce compounds that increase the anti-wear and/or lubricating properties of the engine oil. The filter additive may be formed by an organic or metal fluoride material.

Abstract: A lubricant additive produced by the process comprising mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound and reacting the organophosphate and the organofluorine compound to produce a reaction mixture comprising the lubricant additive. Also, a lubricant produced by the process comprising forming a reaction mixture by reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparing lubricant additives and lubricants by reacting together organophosphate compounds and fluorine compounds, the fluorine compound participating in the reaction as a reactant. The supernatants and precipitates formed during the reaction then may be used as lubricant additives.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low-phosphorous lubricant produced by a process comprising forming a lubricant additive by reacting metal halide and organophosphate together to form a reaction mixture, the metal halide participating as a reactant, and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base comprising from about 0.01 weight percent phosphorous to about 0.1 weight percent phosphorous.

Abstract: A method for forming in-situ a fluorinated organic compound or polymer film from the friction-induced reaction of an organic material, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), and a fluoridated material, such as iron fluoride (FeF3) on or in proximity to a wear surface substrate. Also disclosed is a method for producing a lubricated wear surface by frictionally reacting an organic material and a fluoridated material near a wear surface, where the reaction product is a fluorinated organic compound bonded to the wear surface.

Abstract: A lubricant additive produced by the process comprising mixing a metal halide with an organophosphate, the metal halide participating as a reactant and reacting the metal halide and the organophosphate to produce a reaction mixture comprising the lubricant additive. Also disclosed is a lubricant produced by the process comprising forming a lubricant additive by reacting metal halide and organophosphate together to form a reaction mixture, the metal halide participating as a reactant, and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.

Abstract: A process and method for manufacturing an improved engine oil comprising mixing ferric fluoride with ZDDP to form an additive mixture, heating the additive mixture to at least 125° C. for at least 4 hours to produce a pre-reacted mixture, and adding the pre-reacted mixture to a fully formulated engine oil not containing ZDDP. Also disclosed is an engine oil prepared by a process comprising mixing catalyst with ZDDP to form an additive mixture, heating the additive mixture to about 60° C. to produce a pre-reacted additive mixture, and adding the pre-reacted additive mixture to a fully formulated engine oil not containing ZDDP.