Abstract: Each index value and primary data for generating the index value are stored in a block of a blockchain. The primary data is received from a set of data sources, each associated with one or more index components of the index. Based on the received primary data, the index value is generated. A cryptographic hash value is generated based on the received primary data, the generated index value, and a previous hash value corresponding to a previous time period. The generated index value, the received primary data, and the generated cryptographic hash value are stored in a new block of the blockchain.

Abstract: Managing performance metrics includes: obtaining a plurality of performance metrics associated with a plurality of sources on a network; aggregating, at a first rate, the plurality of performance metrics associated with the plurality of sources to generate a plurality of first aggregated results; maintaining at least some of the plurality of first aggregated results in one or more memories; aggregating, at a second rate, the plurality of first aggregated results to generate a plurality of second aggregated results, the second rate being a lower rate than the first rate; and maintaining at least some of the plurality of second aggregated results in the one or more memories.

Abstract: Each index value and primary data for generating the index value are stored in a block of a blockchain. The primary data is received from a set of data sources, each associated with one or more index components of the index. Based on the received primary data, the index value is generated. A cryptographic hash value is generated based on the received primary data, the generated index value, and a previous hash value corresponding to a previous time period. The generated index value, the received primary data, and the generated cryptographic hash value are stored in a new block of the blockchain.

Abstract: Managing performance metrics includes: obtaining a plurality of performance metrics associated with a plurality of sources on a network; aggregating, at a first rate, the plurality of performance metrics associated with the plurality of sources to generate a plurality of first aggregated results; maintaining at least some of the plurality of first aggregated results in one or more memories; aggregating, at a second rate, the plurality of first aggregated results to generate a plurality of second aggregated results, the second rate being a lower rate than the first rate; and maintaining at least some of the plurality of second aggregated results in the one or more memories.

Abstract: Logging includes accessing a plurality of logs associated with network traffic in a distributed networking environment; selecting a subset of logs among the plurality of logs, wherein a log selection rate is pre-specified; determining weights associated with logs in the subset of logs; and collecting log information, including weight information of logs in the subset of logs relative to the plurality of logs.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes selecting, among service engines (SEs) executing on a respective plurality of hosts, a set of one or more SEs to perform health monitoring of an application, where a plurality of instances of the application are executing on at least some of the hosts, and the selected SE(s) includes a subset of the SEs. The method includes collecting health monitor data from the selected SE(s), determining a health condition based at least in part on the collected data, and outputting the health condition. In another embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a first SE of a first host among a plurality of hosts, configuration information pertaining to a subset of application instances executing on corresponding ones of the plurality of hosts, obtaining health data pertaining to the subset of application instances, and outputting the health data to be shared by the plurality of hosts.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to work conserving bandwidth guarantees using priority, and a method for determining VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantees between a source virtual machine (VM) and at least one destination VM, including a particular VM-toVM bandwidth guarantee between the source VM and a particular destination VM. The method includes monitoring outbound network traffic flow from the source VM to the particular destination VM. The method includes comparing the outbound network traffic flow to the particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee. When the outbound network traffic flow is less than the particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee, packets of the flow are directed according to a first priority. When the outbound network traffic flow is greater than the particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee, packets of the flow are directed according to a second priority.

Abstract: Selected ones of multiple groups of network entities are assigned to corresponding routing structures, where each of the routing structures defines a set of paths through a network among network entities of a corresponding one of the groups. The assigning considers available multicast resources in communication nodes in the network, and a criterion relating to reducing overall cost in the assignment of the selected groups to the corresponding routing structures.

Abstract: According to an example, a method for bandwidth guarantee and work conservation includes determining virtual machine (VM) bandwidth guarantees assigned to VMs in a network including a source VM that communicates with destination VMs. The method further includes assigning minimum bandwidth guarantees to communications between the source VM with the destination VMs by dividing a VM bandwidth guarantee assigned to the source VM between the destination VMs based on active VM-to-VM communications between the source VM and the destination VMs. The method also includes allocating, by a processor, spare bandwidth capacity in the network to a communication between the source VM and a destination VM based on the assigned minimum bandwidth guarantees.

Abstract: A clustering-based method of estimating a network metric between a first node and a second node includes determining source clusters of nodes and destination clusters of nodes for each node. Cluster heads are selected for each cluster. Measurements of the network metric between each node and each cluster head for the source clusters and destination clusters are performed, and the network metric for a pair of nodes is estimated based on the measurements for the pair of nodes.

Abstract: Multi-virtualization scheme selection can include determining a number of virtualization schemes between a number of nodes. Multi-virtualization scheme selection can also include analyzing a number of properties of communication between the number of nodes. Furthermore, multi-virtualization scheme selection can include selecting a virtualization scheme for the communication between the number of nodes based on the number of properties of the communication.

Abstract: A method of generating a plurality of potential generalized fat tree network (GFT) topologies is provided herein. The method includes receiving parameters that specify a number of servers, a number of switches, and a number of ports in the switches. The parameters are for configuring an GFT topology. The method also includes generating a plurality of potential GFT topologies based on heuristics that favor higher bandwidth and lower latency. Generating the plurality of potential GFT topologies includes generating each level of the potential GFT topologies, recursively, and from a bottom level of a potential GFT topology to a top level.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to work conserving bandwidth guarantees using priority. In some examples, a method may include determining VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantees between a source virtual machine (VM) and at least one destination VM, including a particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee between the source VM and a particular destination VM. The method may include monitoring outbound network traffic flow from the source VM to the particular destination VM. The method may include comparing the outbound network traffic flow to the particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee. When the outbound network traffic flow is less than the particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee, packets of the flow may be directed according to a first priority. When the outbound network traffic flow is greater than the particular VM-to-VM bandwidth guarantee, packets of the flow may be directed according to a second priority.

Abstract: A scalable, multi-tenant network architecture for a virtualized datacenter is provided. The network architecture includes a network having a plurality of servers connected to a plurality of switches. The plurality of servers hosts a plurality of virtual interfaces for a plurality of tenants. A configuration repository is connected to the network and each server in the plurality of servers has a network agent hosted therein. The network agent encapsulates packets for transmission across the network from a source virtual interface to a destination virtual interface in the plurality of virtual interfaces for a tenant in the plurality of tenants. The packets are encapsulated with information identifying and locating the destination virtual interface, and the information is interpreted by switches connected to the source virtual interface and the destination virtual interface.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to elephant flow detection in a computing device. In example embodiments, a computing device may monitor a socket for a given flow. The computing device may then determine whether the flow is an elephant flow based on the monitoring of the socket. If so, the computing device may signal the network that transmits the flow that the flow is an elephant flow.

Abstract: A controller receives information from congestion detectors in a network, the information indicating that points in the network are congested due to data flows in the network. The controller controls data rates of the data flows based on the information.

Abstract: A method of generating a plurality of potential network topologies is provided herein. The method includes receiving parameters that specify a number of servers, a number of switches, and a number of ports in the switches. The parameters are for configuring a network topology. The method also includes generating one or more potential network topologies comprising the set of potential network topologies, for each of a number of dimensions. The number of dimensions is based on the number of switches. The method further includes determining that the set of potential network topologies is structurally feasible. Additionally, the method includes determining an optimal link aggregation (LAG) factor in each dimension of each of the set of potential network topologies.

Abstract: A network interface controller (NIC) determines link layer broadcast traffic of interest to the host environment. The NIC receives link layer broadcast traffic intended for the host environment, including traffic of interest and unwanted traffic. The NIC discards the unwanted traffic and forwards the traffic of interest to the host environment.

Abstract: Connectors of a first removable modular optical connection assembly, having a first predefined arrangement of optical signal conduits, are connected to respective connectors on a support structure that are optically connected to corresponding devices. The first modular optical connection assembly is replaceable with a second modular optical connection assembly having a second, different predefined arrangement of optical signal conduits, to change a topology of a network.

Abstract: A method of generating a plurality of potential network topologies is provided herein. The method includes receiving parameters that specify a number of servers, a number of switches, and a number of ports in the switches. The parameters are for configuring a network topology. The method also includes generating one or more potential network topologies comprising the set of potential network topologies, for each of a number of dimensions. The number of dimensions is based on the number of switches. The method further includes determining that the set of potential network topologies is structurally feasible. Additionally, the method includes determining an optimal link aggregation (LAG) factor in each dimension of each of the set of potential network topologies.