Abstract: An Advanced Graphite deep discharge lead acid battery is described including: a deep storage lead acid cell energy storage device comprises: an electrode comprising lead; an electrode comprising lead dioxide; a separator between the electrode comprising lead and the electrode comprising lead dioxide; an aqueous solution electrolyte containing sulfuric acid; and a carbon-based additive having a specific surface area of approximately 250 to 550 m2/g.

Abstract: An Advanced Graphite deep discharge lead acid battery is described including: a deep storage lead acid cell energy storage device comprises: an electrode comprising lead; an electrode comprising lead dioxide; a separator between the electrode comprising lead and the electrode comprising lead dioxide; an aqueous solution electrolyte containing sulfuric acid; and a carbon-based additive having a specific surface area of approximately 250 to 550 m2/g.

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical method involves treating a dross source containing typically both antimony and tin and treating the dross to a series of chemical operations to yield a soft lead precursor, suitable for making soft lead for lead-based alloys for batteries or other applications, which method includes utilizing sulfuric acid to decompose the dross source to provide a slurry in which the liquid contains the principal tin values and the solid phase contains the antimony and lead values, followed by treating of the separated solid phase so as to either separate the lead values from the antimony values via an antimony leach and a solid/liquid separation or by desulfurizing the solid phase, carrying out a solid/liquid separation, treating the solid phase with a lead leach to solubilize the lead values and carrying out a further solid/liquid separation to recover the lead-rich phase as the filtrate, separated from the antimony-rich solid phase.