Abstract: A method includes bonding a second package component to a first package component, bonding a third package component to the first package component, attaching a dummy die to the first package component, encapsulating the second package component, the third package component, and the dummy die in an encapsulant, and performing a planarization process to level a top surface of the second package component with a top surface of the encapsulant. After the planarization process, an upper portion of the encapsulant overlaps the dummy die. The dummy die is sawed-through to separate the dummy die into a first dummy die portion and a second dummy die portion. The upper portion of the encapsulant is also sawed through.

Abstract: A method for making iridium oxide nanoparticles includes dissolving an iridium salt to obtain a salt-containing solution, mixing a complexing agent with the salt-containing solution to obtain a blend solution, and adding an oxidating agent to the blend solution to obtain a product mixture. A molar ratio of a complexing compound of the complexing agent to the iridium salt is controlled in a predetermined range so as to permit the product mixture to include iridium oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for preparing a three-dimensional chitosan/silver composite scaffold includes mixing an acidic aqueous chitosan solution including protonated chitosan and a deposition accelerating agent being a soluble silver salt, spacedly disposing a cathode and an anode in the resultant suspension, and applying an electric field to the cathode and the anode so that the suspension undergoes electrodeposition. The suspension has a protonated chitosan concentration ranging from 0.7 to 2.8 w/v %, and a molarity of silver ions ranging from 4 to 60 mM. The composite scaffold prepared has columnar through-holes extending in a same extension direction and each having opposite first and second openings with the latter not less in width.

Abstract: A flexible thin film metal oxide electrode fabrication methods and devices are provided and illustrated with thin film polyimide electrode formation and IrOx chemical bath deposition. Growth factors of the deposited film such as film thickness, deposition rate and quality of crystallites can be controlled by varying the solution pH, temperature and component concentrations of the bath. The methods allow for selective deposition of IrOx on a flexible substrate (e.g. polyimide electrode) where the IrOx will only coat onto an exposed metal area but not the entire device surface. This feature enables the bath process to coat the IrOx onto every individual electrode in one batch, and to ensure electrical isolation between channels. The ability to perform selective deposition, pads for external connections will not have IrOx coverage that would otherwise interfere with a soldering/bumping process.

Abstract: A method for making iridium oxide nanoparticles includes dissolving an iridium salt to obtain a salt-containing solution, mixing a complexing agent with the salt-containing solution to obtain a blend solution, and adding an oxidating agent to the blend solution to obtain a product mixture. A molar ratio of a complexing compound of the complexing agent to the iridium salt is controlled in a predetermined range so as to permit the product mixture to include iridium oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of chemical deposition of Iridium oxide film on rigid substrate is provided. The method comprises providing a rigid substrate in a container, adding an iridium precursor and mixing the iridium precursor with water to form an iridium precursor liquid in the container, adding and mixing an oxidant with the iridium precursor liquid in the container; and depositing an iridium oxide film on the rigid substrate in the container. A chelating agent and pH adjustor can be either selectively used for stabilizing the chemical bath deposition and for adjusting pH value of the liquid. For a variety of rigid substrates to be applied, the pH adjustor can adjust the pH value within a range of 4˜13. By employing the proposed fabrication method, it is extraordinarily advantageous of chemical alkaline as well as chemical acid deposition formula with configuration of depositing sodium-doped IrOx iridium oxide film.

Abstract: A flexible thin film metal oxide electrode fabrication methods and devices are provided and illustrated with thin film polyimide electrode formation and IrOx chemical bath deposition. Growth factors of the deposited film such as film thickness, deposition rate and quality of crystallites can be controlled by varying the solution pH, temperature and component concentrations of the bath. The methods allow for selective deposition of IrOx on a flexible substrate (e.g. polyimide electrode) where the IrOx will only coat onto an exposed metal area but not the entire device surface. This feature enables the bath process to coat the IrOx onto every individual electrode in one batch, and to ensure electrical isolation between channels. The ability to perform selective deposition, pads for external connections will not have IrOx coverage that would otherwise interfere with a soldering/bumping process.

Abstract: A method of forming a single-layer photonic crystal structure. The method includes depositing electrophoretic suspension, working electrode and lower electrode in a container, wherein the working electrode and the lower electrode are formed at upper and lower parts of the container, respectively, and spaced apart at an distance; and applying an electric voltage to the working electrode and the lower electrode to form an electric field, such that particles in the electrophoretic suspension form a single-layer photonic crystal structure on the working electrode under interactive actions of the electric field and a gravity field by an electrophoresis self-assembly technique. Therefore, the single-layer photonic crystal structure has a low cost, and good quality and recurring property.

Abstract: A three-dimensional geometric photonic crystal and a method of fabricating the photonic crystal are disclosed. The photonic crystal includes a geometric structure having a plurality of electrophoretic self-assembled particles and the plurality of particles are periodically arranged at any cross sections of the geometric structure. The method includes preparing an electrophoresis deposition suspension, installing first and second electrodes in the electrophoresis deposition suspension with the first electrode being encircled by the second electrode, and applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to form an electric field between the first and second electrodes, such that particles in the electrophoresis deposition suspension are electrophoretic self-assembled, and a periodically arranged geometric structure is formed. A photonic crystal thus may have a three-dimensional geometric structure in any shape.

Abstract: A method of forming a single-layer photonic crystal structure. The method includes depositing electrophoretic suspension, working electrode and lower electrode in a container, wherein the working electrode and the lower electrode are formed at upper and lower parts of the container, respectively, and spaced apart at an distance; and applying an electric voltage to the working electrode and the lower electrode to form an electric field, such that particles in the electrophoretic suspension form a single-layer photonic crystal structure on the working electrode under interactive actions of the electric field and a gravity field by an electrophoresis self-assembly technique. Therefore, the single-layer photonic crystal structure has a low cost, and good quality and recurring property.

Abstract: A three-dimensional geometric photonic crystal and a method of fabricating the photonic crystal are disclosed. The photonic crystal includes a geometric structure having a plurality of electrophoretic self-assembled particles and the plurality of particles are periodically arranged at any cross sections of the geometric structure. The method includes preparing an electrophoresis deposition suspension, installing first and second electrodes in the electrophoresis deposition suspension with the first electrode being encircled by the second electrode, and applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to form an electric field between the first and second electrodes, such that particles in the electrophoresis deposition suspension are electrophoretic self-assembled, and a periodically arranged geometric structure is formed. A photonic crystal thus may have a three-dimensional geometric structure in any shape.

Abstract: This invention discloses the synthesis of a bifunctional La0.6Ca0.4Co1-xIrxO3 (x=0˜1) perovskite compound with a superb bifunctional catalytic ability for the oxygen reduction and generation in alkaline electrolytes. Synthetic routes demonstrated include solid state reaction, amorphous citrate precursor, and mechanical alloying. The interested compound demonstrates notable enhancements over commercially available La0.6Ca0.4CoO3.

Abstract: This invention discloses the synthesis of a bifunctional La0.6Ca0.4Co1-xIrxO3 (x=0˜1) perovskite compound with a superb bifunctional catalytic ability for the oxygen reduction and generation in alkaline electrolytes. Synthetic routes demonstrated include solid state reaction, amorphous citrate precursor, and mechanical alloying. The interested compound demonstrates notable enhancements over commercially available La0.6Ca0.4CoO3.