Abstract: Disclosed are viruses, and vaccines comprised of and made from such viruses, that include a heterologous nucleic acid segment encoding ?-1,3-galactosyltransferase (?-1,3-GT) such that the nucleic acid segment expresses ?-1,3-GT when the virus infects a host cell. Such viruses produce proteins having ?-1,3-galactose. The presence of ?-1,3-galactose on proteins of infected cells can powerfully stimulate the immune response of the host against the viral proteins of the virus, thus enhancing the effect of the virus as a vaccine. Also disclosed are vaccines that include and/or are produced by such viruses. Also disclosed are methods of making and using such viruses and vaccines, such as administering to a subject in need thereof a vaccine as disclosed and such as making a vaccine that includes one or more viral proteins expressed by a virus as disclosed.