Abstract: Compounds (salts) for use as electrolytes, e.g. in batteries such as Li ion, Na ion and Mg ion batteries are provided. The negative ions (anions) of the compounds are complex molecules containing superhalogens, and thus exhibit improved safety, and yet have electron affinities that are equal to or greater than those of halogens. In addition, the binding energy between Li+ and the anions is relatively small so ions can move easily from one electrode to the other in solutions in which the compounds are dissolved. A further advantage is that the affinity of the electrolyte for water is also relatively low so that batteries in which the electrolytes are used have longer lives than those of the prior art.

Abstract: Methods of planning and executing the synthesis of metastable materials are provided. Topologically assembled precursors having potential energy surfaces in which the volumes of potential wells of certain local minima are increased are created in silico. The precursor molecules are used to synthesize, e.g. two-dimensional metastable carbon materials such as penta-graphene comprised entirely of pentagons, O-graphene comprised of five- and eight-membered rings, and R-graphene comprised of four-, six- and eight-membered rings.

Abstract: Compounds (salts) for use as electrolytes, e.g. in batteries such as Li ion, Na ion and Mg ion batteries are provided. The negative ions (anions) of the compounds are complex molecules containing superhalogens, and thus exhibit improved safety, and yet have electron affinities that are equal to or greater than those of halogens. In addition, the binding energy between Li+ and the anions is relatively small so ions can move easily from one electrode to the other in solutions in which the compounds are dissolved. A further advantage is that the affinity of the electrolyte for water is also relatively low so that batteries in which the electrolytes are used have longer lives than those of the prior art.

Abstract: Cluster-ion based superionic conductors are provided as are solid electrolytes comprising cluster-ion based superionic conductors. The solid electrolytes are use, for example, in solid state batteries.

Abstract: Compounds (salts) for use as electrolytes, e.g. in batteries such as Li ion, Na ion and Mg ion batteries are provided. The negative ions (anions) of the compounds are complex molecules which do not contain halogens, and thus exhibit improved safety, and yet have electron affinities that are equal to or greater than those of halogens. In addition, the binding energy between Li+ and the anions is relatively small so ions can move easily from one electrode to the other in solutions in which the compounds are dissolved. A further advantage is that the affinity of the electrolyte for water is also relatively low so that batteries in which the electrolytes are used have longer lives than those of the prior art.

Abstract: A filter such as a cigarette filter having a metal reagent which selectively binds with a gaseous component of a gas stream such as tobacco smoke. The metal reagent comprises nanometer or micrometer size clusters of a transition metal or alloy containing a transition metal. The transition metal can be incorporated in an intermetallic compound such as titanium aluminide or iron aluminide. The metal clusters can be incorporated in or on a support material such as silica gel, porous carbon or a zeolite. The metal reagent can remove the gaseous component by selectively binding to unsaturated hydrocarbons such as 1,3-butadiene. The binding can occur by insertion of a metal atom of the metal reagent into a C—H bond or a C—C bond of the gaseous component.

Abstract: A filter such as a cigarette filter having a metal reagent which selectively binds with a gaseous component of a gas stream such as tobacco smoke. The metal reagent comprises nanometer or micrometer size clusters of a transition metal or alloy containing a transition metal. The transition metal can be incorporated in an intermetallic compound such as titanium aluminide or iron aluminide. The metal clusters can be incorporated in or on a support material such as silica gel, porous carbon or a zeolite. The metal reagent can remove the gaseous component by selectively binding to unsaturated hydrocarbons such as 1,3-butadiene. The binding can occur by insertion of a metal atom of the metal reagent into a C—H bond or a C—C bond of the gaseous component.