Abstract: A magnetic recording disk is provided having an amorphous preseed layer of chromium, titanium, and yttrium. The use of the preseed layer improves the magnetic performance of the disk including signal to noise, inplane orientation, and readback pulsewidth.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk is provided having an amorphous preseed layer of chromium, titanium, and yttrium. The use of the preseed layer improves the magnetic performance of the disk including signal to noise, inplane orientation, and readback pulsewidth.

Abstract: A processing apparatus includes a housing, a plurality of process units arranged within the housing for subjecting an object to a series of processes including coating of processing solution, exposure and development, a transport mechanism for conveying the object to and from the process units, an air cleaning mechanism having a filter for removing impurity which is contained in air introduced into the housing and which lowers resolution, a concentration detection mechanism for detecting the concentration of the impurity in a region outside of the filter, and a life estimation section for estimating the life of the filter in accordance with the result of detection by the concentration detection mechanism.

Abstract: A multiple-channel optic with each channel having a radius of curvature that varies directly with channel size (i.e., as the radius of curvature increases or decreases, so does the channel size, although not necessarily at the same rate).

Abstract: A method of generating a neutron-radiographic image of a sample by passing a generated neutron beam through a multiple-channel, multiple-total-external reflection neutron bender/filter manipulator which includes at least one multiple-channel element, directing an output beam from the neutron bender/filter manipulator onto the sample; passing a neutron beam exiting the sample though a multiple-channel, multiple-total-external reflection neutron scatter-rejection manipulator which includes at least one multiple-channel element, the multiple-channel element being comprised of a material containing a nuclear isotope which is highly absorptive to neutrons with energies less than approximately 10,000 eV; and detecting a beam which exits the scatter-rejection manipulator.