Abstract: A device for generating singlet oxygen is provided. The device has a sensitizer that converts triplet oxygen to single oxygen upon exposure to light. The device is configured to keep the sensitizer from contacting external fluids.

Abstract: A device for generating singlet oxygen is provided. The device has a sensitizer that converts triplet oxygen to single oxygen upon exposure to light. The device is configured to keep the sensitizer from contacting external fluids.

Abstract: A device for generating singlet oxygen is provided. The device has elongated posts extending from a surface, the lateral sides of which have particles with a sensitizer that converts triplet oxygen to single oxygen upon exposure to light. An optical fiber conveys light to the sensitizer and a gas supply tube conveys oxygen to the sensitizer. The device is configured to keep the sensitizer from contacting external fluids, such as saliva.

Abstract: A method for forming a superhydrophobic surface is disclosed. A surface of a first substrate is bonded to a surface of a second substrate to form a stacked material. The stacked material is peeled apart to form a fracture line and provide a superhydrophobic surface.

Abstract: A method for forming a superhydrophobic surface is disclosed. A surface of a first substrate is bonded to a surface of a second substrate to form a stacked material. The stacked material is peeled apart to form a fracture line and provide a superhydrophobic surface.

Abstract: A hybrid substrate is provided that facilitates dropwise condensation and self-cleaning. The substrate has hydrophilic regions surrounded by hydrophobic regions. Water preferentially condenses on the hydrophilic regions. The hydrophilic regions are arranged to promote removal of the condensed water.

Abstract: A device for generating singlet oxygen is provided. The device has elongated posts extending from a surface, the lateral sides of which have particles with a sensitizer that converts triplet oxygen to single oxygen upon exposure to light. An optical fiber conveys light to the sensitizer and a gas supply tube conveys oxygen to the sensitizer. The device is configured to keep the sensitizer from contacting external fluids, such as saliva.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a point-to-multipoint service transmission method and apparatus. The first node is connected to the second node by using a first additional path, and the first additional path and a second path constitute a first protection path. The second node is connected to the first node by using a second additional path, and the second additional path and a first path constitute a second protection path. The method may include: when the first node is in an active state and the second node is in a standby state, receiving, by the first node by using the first protection path if the first path is faulty, service data sent by the root node; and forwarding, by the first node, the service data to the multiple leaf nodes.

Abstract: A low-cost method is provided for fabricating a nano-droplet plate with surface features having re-entrant (anvil-like) geometries capable of holding droplets of a precise, predetermined volume. Such structures are useful for a variety of applications, including cull culturing, high-throughput screening of therapeutics and as microwells.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a superhydrophobic surface. Methods of fabrication are disclosed including laminating an optically transparent polymer sheet with hydrophobic nanoparticles such that the nanoparticles are partially embedded and partially exposed. The resulting assembly remains optically transparent. Additional methods include the lamination of nanoparticles to flexible fabrics and the production of molded articles using nanoparticle-treated molds.

Abstract: A method for forming a superhydrophobic surface is disclosed. A surface of a first substrate is bonded to a surface of a second substrate to form a stacked material. The stacked material is peeled apart to form a fracture line and provide a superhydrophobic surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a superhydrophobic surface. Methods of fabrication are disclosed including laminating an optically transparent polymer sheet with hydrophobic nanoparticles such that the nanoparticles are partially embedded and partially exposed. The resulting assembly remains optically transparent. Additional methods include the lamination of nanoparticles to flexible fabrics and the production of molded articles using nanoparticle-treated molds.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for interconnected ring protection, relates to the communication field, realizes the protection of the interconnected ring network using a narrow bandwidth, and improves the bandwidth utilization rate. The method comprises: a first intersection node in an intersection node group receiving an cross-ring service, the first intersection node determining an off-ring node of the cross-ring service on a second ring according to service information of the cross-ring service; and if the first intersection node does not communicate with the off-ring node of the cross-ring service on the second ring, and the first intersection node is not the last intersection node, the first intersection node forwarding the cross-ring service to a second intersection node.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a superhydrophobic surface. Methods of fabrication are disclosed including laminating a polymer sheet having a surface to a template having a textured surface or a layer of a nanomaterial (e.g., nanoparticles or nanofibers) to convert the surface of the polymer sheet to a hydrophobic surface having a water contact angle of at least about 150°.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a superhydrophobic surface. Methods of fabrication are disclosed including laminating a polymer sheet having a surface to a template having a textured surface or a layer of a nanomaterial (e.g., nanoparticles or nanofibers) to convert the surface of the polymer sheet to a hydrophobic surface having a water contact angle of at least about 150°.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an optically transparent superhydrophobic surface. Methods of fabrication are disclosed including laminating an optically transparent polymer sheet with hydrophobic nanoparticles such that the nanoparticles are partially embedded and partially exposed. The resulting assembly remains optically transparent.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a superhydrophobic surface. Methods of fabrication are disclosed including laminating a polymer sheet having a surface to a template having a textured surface or a layer of a nanomaterial (e.g., nanoparticles or nanofibers) to convert the surface of the polymer sheet to a hydrophobic surface having a water contact angle of at least about 150°.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a sub-rate transmission method for user data services in transmission devices of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). The method comprises the steps of: pre-configuring each transmission device to form forwarding table items representing corresponding relationship between self-defined tags and transmission lines; after receiving a user data frame, an original transmission device nesting a self-defined tag into the user data frame according to the forwarding table items to form a self-defined data frame, then transmitting the self-defined data frame; and after receiving the self-defined data frame, a terminal transmission device determining an output port for transferring the data frame by searching the forwarding table items with the nested self-defined tag, then deleting the nested self-defined tag and sending the original user data frame to the output port.

Abstract: A method for supporting data framing protocols by an MSTP device comprises: extracting a POH byte identifying a type of data framing protocol and the corresponding logical port number after receiving the SDH frame; judging whether the POH byte matches the type of the data framing protocol corresponding to the logical port number; dealing with the SDH frame data according to the matched type of the data framing protocol. An apparatus for supporting data framing protocol by an MSTP device is introduced. The operability and adaptability of MSTP device can be improved according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a sub-rate transmission method for user data services in transmission devices of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). The method comprises the steps of: pre-configuring each transmission device to form forwarding table items representing corresponding relationship between self-defined tags and transmission lines; after receiving a user data frame, an original transmission device nesting a self-defined tag into the user data frame according to said forwarding table items to form a self-defined data frame, then transmitting the self-defined data frame; and after receiving the self-defined data frame, a terminal transmission device determining an output port for transferring the data frame by searching the forwarding table items with the nested self-defined tag, then deleting the nested self-defined tag and sending the original user data frame to the said output port.