Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) salt granules, comprising BHB salts and fillers. The present invention also provides methods for producing BHB salt granules, wherein the BHB salt granules are prepared by granulation process. The production methods may include (a) wet granulation; (b) extrusion; (c) spheronization; and (d) drying.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing a moisture-proof amino acid material. The present invention also provides novel compositions or nutritional supplements comprising the moisture-proof amino acid materials prepared by the methods of this invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions (e.g., eyedrop or spongarion composition), and uses for alleviating and preventing age-associated vitreous degeneration in a mammal, comprising administrating to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of L-ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof, as an active ingredient. In particular, L-ergothioneine is capable of scavenging chronic reactive oxygen species directly and radically to mitigate and prevent HA depolymerization and HA decreasing-viscosity in the mammal's vitreous body; and/or improving vitreous liquefaction in the mammal.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides a liposome comprising an active ingredient and one membrane or one inner membrane and one outer membrane. Each membrane comprises a plurality of lipid molecules, and the active ingredient is entrapped inside the interior space defined by the membrane or the inner membrane, or embodied in the membrane or membranes and form a part of the membrane(s).

Abstract: Provided are methods for improving exercise performance and endurance of a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal in need thereof a composition comprising dihydroberberine (DHB), or an analog or derivative thereof, and a physiologically acceptable carrier. DHB in the composition can serve as an antioxidant to defend red blood cells against oxidative stress damage, by scavenging reactive oxygen species generated during to increase the deformability and the survival of red blood cells.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides novel methods for extending lifespan or improving healthspan in a mammal, which include administration to the mammal of a composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of ergothioneine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Glutathione deficiencies and deficiencies in glutathione synthetase activity, and therapeutic methods for the treatment thereof.