Abstract: In an embodiment, a computer-implemented method for enabling multitenancy for service machines is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method comprises detecting a packet by a service insertion module implemented in a hypervisor. Based on metadata received along with the packet, the service insertion module determines a tenant identifier of a tenant that sent the packet. The service insertion module also determines a plurality of attributes of the packet. Based on the tenant identifier and the plurality of attributes of the packet, an action for the packet is retrieved from a rule table. Based on the action, the service insertion module determines whether at least one service is to be applied to the packet. In response to determining that at least one service is to be applied to the packet, an encapsulated packet is generated by encapsulating the packet with the tenant identifier, and the encapsulated packet is redirected to a service machine that is configured to provide the at least one service to the packet.

Abstract: In some embodiments, apparatuses and methods are provided to support individuals in a retail environment. Some embodiments, provide systems, comprising: a plurality of cameras positioned in a retail store; an image processing control circuit configured to determine a customer field of view; a product identification control circuit configured to identify a set of multiple products within the identified customer field of view, assign a viewing probability to each product without the first customer having to touch the first product; a product selection control circuit configured to determine a purchase probability of the first product; add the first product to a virtual electronic cart when the purchase probability of the first product exceeds a purchase probability threshold; and communicate instructions to control the worker personal computing device to instruct a worker to retrieve the first product.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel methods for providing a set of services for a logical network associated with an edge forwarding element acting between a logical network and an external network. In some embodiments, the services are provided using a logical service forwarding plane that connects the edge forwarding element to a set of service nodes that each provide a service in the set of services. The service classification operation of some embodiments identifies a chain of multiple service operations that has to be performed on the data message. In some embodiments, identifying the chain of service operations includes selecting a service path to provide the multiple services. After selecting the service path, the data message is sent along the selected service path to have the services provided.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for detecting a failure of a layer 2 (L2) bump-in-the-wire service at a device. In some embodiments, the device sends heartbeat signals to a second device connected to L2 service nodes in order to detect failure of the L2 service (e.g., a failure of all the service nodes). In some embodiments, the heartbeat signals are unidirectional heartbeat signals (e.g., a unidirectional bidirectional-forwarding-detection (BFD) session) sent from each device to the other. The heartbeat signals, in some embodiments, use a broadcast MAC address in order to reach the current active L2 service node in the case of a failover (i.e., an active service node failing and a standby service node becoming the new active service node). The unidirectional heartbeat signals are also used, in some embodiments, to decrease the time between a failover and data messages being forwarded to the new active service node.

Abstract: Technologies are provided for an extensible software-as-a-service (SaaS) computing platform. In some embodiments, a computing system includes computer-executable components comprising multiple core modules that provide a defined service. The multiple core modules include at least one extension point corresponding to a first core module of the multiple core modules, where a first extension point of the at least one extension point has a tenant-specific extension module mapped thereto that customizes the defined service. The computer-executable components also can include an application programming interface (API) corresponding to a defined tenant. The computing system also includes a data model corresponding to the defined tenant. Tenant-specific extension modules mapped to the at least one extension point can customize the API and/or the data model.

Abstract: Technologies are provided for generation of an executable package that provides a tenant-specific service. Generation of the executable package can be based on customization assets and a core codebase. The core codebase can define core modules that provide a core service that is common across tenants. Each core module includes one or multiple extension points. The customizations can be defined within one or multiple virtual partitions, where a virtual partition includes a filesystem or another type of non-transitory storage structure. The VP can include multiple customization resources and customization components. The customizations can permit building extension modules that can be mapped onto respective extension points of core module(s) in order to customize the common core service and yield the tenant-specific service. The core codebase can be built to generate built core modules. The executable package can be formed by combining built extension modules and built core modules.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for detecting a failure of a layer 2 (L2) bump-in-the-wire service at a device. In some embodiments, the device sends heartbeat signals to a second device connected to L2 service nodes in order to detect failure of the L2 service (e.g., a failure of all the service nodes). In some embodiments, the heartbeat signals are unidirectional heartbeat signals (e.g., a unidirectional bidirectional-forwarding-detection (BFD) session) sent from each device to the other. The heartbeat signals, in some embodiments, use a broadcast MAC address in order to reach the current active L2 service node in the case of a failover (i.e., an active service node failing and a standby service node becoming the new active service node). The unidirectional heartbeat signals are also used, in some embodiments, to decrease the time between a failover and data messages being forwarded to the new active service node.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel methods for providing a set of services for a logical network associated with an edge forwarding element acting between a logical network and an external network. In some embodiments, the services are provided using a logical service forwarding plane that connects the edge forwarding element to a set of service nodes that each provide a service in the set of services. The service classification operation of some embodiments identifies a chain of multiple service operations that has to be performed on the data message. In some embodiments, identifying the chain of service operations includes selecting a service path to provide the multiple services. After selecting the service path, the data message is sent along the selected service path to have the services provided.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for efficient data message transfer across a hypervisor, service DCN, and containers implementing partner network services. The method allocates memory to a service DCN that operates a set of containers for providing partner network services for data messages received by the service DCN. The service DCN and the containers share the allocated memory and the method stores data messages received by the service DCN in the allocated memory. The method then accesses the data message stored in the shared memory from a set of partner network service containers to perform the partner network services. In some embodiments, the host machine or a process of the host machine on which the service DCN executes also shares the allocated memory. The host machine process, in some embodiments is a kernel process.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel methods for providing different types of services for a logical network associated with an edge forwarding element acting between the logical network and an external network. The edge forwarding element receives data messages for forwarding and performs a service classification operation to select a set of services of a particular type for the data message. The particular type of service is one of multiple types of services that use different transport mechanisms to forward the data to a set of service nodes (e.g., service virtual machines, or service appliances, etc.) that provide the service. The edge forwarding element receives the data message after the selected set of services has been performed and performs a forwarding operation to forward the data message. In some embodiments, the method is also performed by edge forwarding elements that are at the edges of logical network segments within the logical network.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an approach for pre-filtering traffic in a logical network. One method includes receiving, by a hypervisor, a packet from a virtual computing instance (VCI) and determining a service path for the packet based on a service table. The method further includes setting, by the hypervisor, a pre-filter component as a next hop for the packet based on the service path. The method further includes receiving, by the pre-filter component, the packet. The method further includes making a determination, by the pre-filter component, of whether the packet requires processing by the security component. The method further includes performing, by the pre-filter component, based on the determination, one of: forwarding the packet to its destination and bypassing the security component; or forwarding the packet to the security component.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a gateway machine in a datacenter. The method receives a definition of a logical network for implementation in the datacenter. The logical network includes at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network. The method receives configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments. The third-party service is for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network. The method configures the gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel methods for performing services for machines operating in one or more datacenters. For instance, for a group of related guest machines (e.g., a group of tenant machines), some embodiments define two different forwarding planes: (1) a guest forwarding plane and (2) a service forwarding plane. The guest forwarding plane connects to the machines in the group and performs L2 and/or L3 forwarding for these machines. The service forwarding plane (1) connects to the service nodes that perform services on data messages sent to and from these machines, and (2) forwards these data messages to the service nodes. In some embodiments, the guest machines do not connect directly with the service forwarding plane. For instance, in some embodiments, each forwarding plane connects to a machine or service node through a port that receives data messages from, or supplies data messages to, the machine or service node.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device may be provided. The semiconductor memory device may include data storage patterns having respective first sides and respective second sides, a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) channel layer in common contact with the first sides of the data storage patterns, the SOC channel layer is configured to provide a spin-orbit torque to the data storage patterns, read access transistors connected between the second sides of respective ones of the data storage patterns and respective data lines, a write access transistor connected between a first end of the SOC channel layer and a source line, and a bit line connected to a second end of the SOC channel layer. Each of the data storage patterns comprises a free layer in contact with the SOC channel layer and an oxygen reservoir layer in contact with the free layer.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for performing services for data messages associated with a machine executing on a particular host computer. On the particular host computer, the method configures (1) a first distributed forwarding element (DFE) to forward data messages sent by the machine based on network addresses specified by machine, and (2) a second DFE to forward data messages sent by the machine to a set of one or more other host computers on which a set of one or more service nodes before the data messages are returned to the particular host computer to be forwarded by the first DFE based on the network addresses specified by the machine. Each DFE is implemented by at least one software forwarding element executing (SFE) on the particular host computer and at least one other SFE executing on at least one other host computer.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a gateway machine in a datacenter. The method receives a definition of a logical network for implementation in the datacenter. The logical network includes at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network. The method receives configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments. The third-party service is for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network. The method configures the gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service.

Abstract: Some embodiments configure an edge forwarding element to perform service insertion operations to identify stateful services to perform for data messages received for forwarding by the edge forwarding element at multiple virtual interfaces of the edge forwarding element. The service insertion operation, in some embodiments, includes applying a set of service insertion rules. The service insertion rules (1) specify a set of criteria and a corresponding action to take for data messages matching the criteria and (2) are associated with a set of interfaces to which the service insertion rules are applied. In some embodiments, the action is specified using a universally unique identifier (UUID) that is then used as a matching criteria for a subsequent policy lookup that identifies a type of service insertion and a set of next hop data.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel methods for performing services for machines operating in one or more datacenters. For instance, for a group of related guest machines (e.g., a group of tenant machines), some embodiments define two different forwarding planes: (1) a guest forwarding plane and (2) a service forwarding plane. The guest forwarding plane connects to the machines in the group and performs L2 and/or L3 forwarding for these machines. The service forwarding plane (1) connects to the service nodes that perform services on data messages sent to and from these machines, and (2) forwards these data messages to the service nodes. In some embodiments, the guest machines do not connect directly with the service forwarding plane. For instance, in some embodiments, each forwarding plane connects to a machine or service node through a port that receives data messages from, or supplies data messages to, the machine or service node.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide stateful services in a chain of services identified for some data messages. The edge forwarding element receives a data message at a particular interface of the edge forwarding element that is traversing the edge forwarding element in a forward direction between two machines. The edge forwarding element identifies (1) a set of stateful services for the received data message and (2) a next hop associated with the identified set of stateful services in the forward direction and a next hop associated with the identified set of stateful services in the reverse direction. Based on the identified set of services and the next hops for the forward and reverse directions, the edge forwarding element generates and stores first and second connection tracking records for the forward and reverse data message flows, respectively used to forward data messages received subsequently for the flow.

Abstract: A method for a shared-memory-based SVM to provide high availability of service is disclosed. In an embodiment, an agent process of the SVM receives a signal that one or more data packets have been queued in a shared memory device of one or more shared memory devices. Upon receiving the signal, the agent process determines whether the SVM has been designated as active for the shared memory device, and if it has, the agent process reads the one or more data packets from the shared memory device. As the data packets are read from the shared memory device: for each data packet, of the one or more data packets read from the shared memory device: the agent process determines whether an indication that the packet is to be transmitted to its destination is received, and if the indication is received, the packet is placed back to the shared memory device.