Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the addition of HF to halogenated alkenes by reacting these with at least one hydrofluoride of the formula [B.cndot.n HF], in which B is an organic nitrogen base and n is an integer or fraction .ltoreq.4, it being intended that the reaction of perfluoroiso-butene CF.sub.2 =C(CF.sub.3).sub.2 is excluded.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 2H-heptafluoropropane from hexafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride in an apparatus equipped with bubble columns fitted with flow resistances, in which a liquid hydrofluoride of an organic base circulates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the addition of HF to halogenated alkenes by reacting these with at least one hydrofluoride of the formula ?B.n HF!, in which B is an organic nitrogen base and n is an integer or fraction .ltoreq.4, it being intended that the reaction of perfluoroisobutene CF.sub.2 .dbd.C(CF.sub.3).sub.2 is excluded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the work-up of a liquid complex hydrofluoride of a tertiary amine of the formula (I) ?R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 N.multidot.n HF!, where the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl groups which together have at least 7 carbon atoms and n is an integer or fractional number where 1.5<n<3, which, for the purpose of molecular addition of HF to a halogenated alkene, is reacted with the latter. In the reaction of the halogenated alkene with the complex amine hydrofluoride of the formula (I), the molar ratio HF:R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 N is allowed to fall until amine separates out as a further liquid phase, and the amine is separated off.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of perfluoropropionyl fluoride (II) by the isomerization of hexafluoropropene oxide (I): ##STR1## wherein the reaction medium used is a liquid complex ammonium hydrofluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-H-heptafluoropropane, wherein hexafluoropropene is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a weakly basic ion exchanger whose reactive centers comprise tertiary amino groups.

Abstract: A process for the single-stage preparation of glycosyl fluorides by dissolving saccharides in liquid hydrogen fluoride and evaporating the hydrogen fluoride, wherein the resulting glycosyl fluoride is isolated in such a way that, when the evaporation of the hydrogen fluoride is started at a relatively high temperature, in general at -20.degree. to +20.degree. C., the evaporation is effected at a high evaporation rate or, when a low evaporation rate is used at the start of the evaporation, a sufficiently low temperature is set, in general -80.degree. C. to -30.degree. C.

Abstract: Polysaccharides built up from anhydroglucose are obtained when glucose or carbohydrates containing glucose as the monomer structural unit are condensed with polyhydric alcohols in hydrogen fluoride. The products may be used as water binding agents and water retaining agents, especially for dietetic foodstuffs.

Abstract: The semi-continuous process according to the invention for hydrolyzing cellulose-containing material (substrate) with gaseous hydrogen fluoride comprises sorption and subsequent desorption of HF in a total of n steps. The substrate is divided into n batches in n reactors (1a, 1b, 1c, . . . ); each batch passes through the n process steps in one reactor (1a, . . . ). Initially, sorption is carried out in the first to the (n/2)th step by the action of HF-inert gas mixtures, having an HF concentration which increases from sorption step to sorption step, at a temperature above the boiling point of HF. Subsequently, desorption is brought about in the ((n/2)+1)th to nth step by treating with heated HF-inert gas mixtures having an HF concentration which decreases from desorption step to desorption step; n is an even number from 4 to 12 and the n steps each take place in the same time segments (periods). The sequence of steps is displaced by one period from each batch to the next batch.

Abstract: The continuous process for hydrolyzing cellulose-containing material (substrate) is carried out by sorption of gaseous HF in a sorption reaction (1) and subsequent desorption in n steps, which are carried out in n reactors which are separated from one another in a gas-tight manner. The substrate is introduced via a gas-tight valve into the sorption reactor (1), passes through this and then reaches consecutively, through gas-tight valves, a hold-up reactor (2) and the first (3c), second (3b), . . . nth desporption reactor, from which it is then removed. The desorption is carried out in each case by the action of one of the n inert gas streams on the substrate at different temperatures, the particular inert gas stream being enriched with the HF being liberated during desorption.

Abstract: A continuous process for hydrolyzing cellulose-containing material (substrate) with gaseous hydrogen fluoride, HF is sorbed by the substrate at a temperature above its boiling point in n sorption steps and thereafter the sorbed HF is removed from the substrate by heating in n desorption steps. The number n of sorption steps and of desorption steps is identical and the reaction steps mentioned each occur in reactors which are separated from one another in a gas-tight manner. After introduction into the first sorption reactor (1a), the substrate passes consecutively through gas-tight valves into the second (1a) . . . nth sorption reactor and from the latter, optionally via a hold-up reactor (2) into the first, second, . . . nth desorption reactor (3a) and is removed from the nth desorption reactor (3a). The streams of HF gas, which contain an inert carrier gas in addition to HF, are circulated between the first (1a) or second (1b) or . . . (n-1)th or nth sorption reactor and the nth (3a) or (n-1)th (3b) . . .

Abstract: Carbonyl difluorides of the formulaF--(CO).sub.n --F,in which n is 1 (difluorophosgene) or 2 (oxalyl fluoride), are prepared by fluorination of the corresponding carbonyl dichlorides (phosgene, oxalyl chloride) with HF in the presence of CH.sub.3 CN and optionally also of a tertiary amine which binds HCl.