Abstract: A battery arrangement for a motor vehicle includes a first electrical energy store, a second electrical energy store, a charging connection, and a supply connection. The arrangement further includes first through seventh switches. The battery arrangement is switchable into four operating states via respective opening and closing of the first through seventh switches.

Abstract: An energy storage device for a motor vehicle includes a first energy store and a second energy store for storing electrical energy, a charging connection for charging the energy stores, an operating connection for operating a load on the energy storage device, and a switching device which has a plurality of switching elements and via which the energy stores can be connected selectively in series or in parallel. A fifth switching element of the switching device is permanently electrically coupled to the electrical poles of opposite polarity of the energy stores and the energy stores can be connected in series via the fifth switching element independently of the other switching elements of the switching device.

Abstract: An energy storage device for a motor vehicle includes a first energy store and a second energy store for storing electrical energy, a charging connection for charging the energy stores, an operating connection for operating a load on the energy storage device, and a switching device which has a plurality of switching elements and via which the energy stores can be connected selectively in series or in parallel. A fifth switching element of the switching device is permanently electrically coupled to the electrical poles of opposite polarity of the energy stores and the energy stores can be connected in series via the fifth switching element independently of the other switching elements of the switching device.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to realize a battery arrangement (10) in accordance with the provisions for high-voltage safety.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting a lithium ion battery (1) in a vehicle. According to the invention, in the case of thermal and/or electrical overload the lithium ion battery (1) is disconnected from an electrical system (4) of a vehicle. The invention also relates to a device for protecting a lithium ion battery (1) in a vehicle.

Abstract: A sensing wheel for a device for measuring the rotational speed and/or rotational angle of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine has a plurality of peripherally arranged teeth, which each have a front edge and a rear edge, which define the width of the respective tooth, and tooth gaps situated between the teeth. The front edges or rear edges of each of the teeth are spaced at basically the same angular interval from one another. A limited number of different tooth widths are provided over the entire periphery, the sequence of the tooth widths of at least three successive teeth over the entire periphery being unambiguous.

Abstract: A method and a device by means of which the response time of a software process is limited to a predetermined maximum response time is provided. The response time is the sum of latency time (period between triggering event and start of the process) and execution time. The software process is, for example, an interrupt service routine which is triggered by an interrupt request. According to the invention, the software process is subdivided into a number of partial processes which in each case supply a result. If the software process is terminated because the maximum response time has been reached, the result of a previously selected partial process is used as the final result of the process. This partial process is, for example, the one completely executed as the last one.

Abstract: A system and a method for managing and monitoring processor-internal memories of a process-executing unit or program unit, having a global stack memory area (1) for executing processes and sub-processes of a program sequence comprising different sub-processes, and a monitoring unit (2) for protecting and monitoring the address space of the stack memory area (1) between an upper limit (UL) and a lower limit (LL). The monitoring unit (2) has a separate, internal stack (3), which is adapted for storing a variable logical limit, e.g., the lower limit (LL), of the global stack memory (1) on each level of a nested arrangement of the program sequence in the transition between different processes. Data of a preceding process located on the other side of a stored variable logical limit, e.g., of a current process, are protected.