Abstract: The invention discloses a standard for referencing luminescence signals, having an optically transparent base material comprising a lanthanum phosphate glass, a fluorophosphate glass, a fluor-crown glass, a lanthanum glass, a glass-ceramic formed therefrom or a lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic, the base material including a bulk doping with at least one constituent which is luminescent and comprises at least one rare earth and/or a nonferrous metal, in particular cobalt, chromium or manganese.

Abstract: The invention relates to a borosilicate glass having the following composition (in wt. % based on oxide content): between 55 and 80 of SiO2; between 8 and 25 of B2O3; between 0.5 and 10 of Al2O3; between 1 and 16 of Li2O+Na2O+K2O; between 0 and 6 of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO; between 0 and 3 of ZnO; between 0 and 5 of ZrO2; between 0 and 5 of Bi2O3; and between 0 and 3 of MoO3; the sum of the Bi2O3 and MoO3 amounting to between 0.01 and 5. The invention also relates to a fluorescent lamp, especially a miniature fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: The invention discloses a standard for referencing luminescence signals, having an optically transparent base material comprising a lanthanum phosphate glass, a fluorophosphate glass, a fluor-crown glass, a lanthanum glass, a glass-ceramic formed therefrom or a lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic, the base material including a bulk doping with at least one constituent which is luminescent and comprises at least one rare earth and/or a nonferrous metal, in particular cobalt, chromium or manganese.

Abstract: The invention discloses a standard for referencing luminescence signals, having an optically transparent base material comprising a lanthanum phosphate glass, a fluorophosphate glass, a fluor-crown glass, a lanthanum glass, a glass-ceramic formed therefrom or a lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic, the base material including a bulk doping with at least one constituent which is luminescent and comprises at least one rare earth and/or a nonferrous metal, in particular cobalt, chromium or manganese.

Abstract: The invention relates to a borosilicate glass having the following composition (in wt. % based on oxide content): between 55 and 80 of SiO2; between 8 and 25 of B2O3; between 0.5 and 10 of Al2O3; between 1 and 16 of Li2O+Na2O+K2O; between 0 and 6 of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO; between 0 and 3 of ZnO; between 0 and 5 of ZrO2; between 0 and 5 of Bi2O3; and between 0 and 3 of MoO3; the sum of the Bi2O3 and MoO3 amounting to between 0.01 and 5. The invention also relates to a fluorescent lamp, especially a miniature fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A method of detecting defects present at the surface and/or internally in transparent materials, particularly of detecting included foreign bodies or bubbles in glass, is disclosed. The test material is scanned with an electromagnetic radiation of a single wavelength which is set to the penetration depth in the test material. The intensity reflected by the defects is picked up and analyzed. By this method only defects located up to a specified depth in the material are detected. Visible light as well as UV- or IR radiation may be applied. The associated test rig comprises a tunable Laser (2), a conveyor belt (6) carrying the test material (5), a fast rotating mirror-wheel (3) which directs the light beam (4) at high speed over the test material (5), and an optical sensor (7) connected with an analyzer unit (8).