Abstract: A method for operating a drive device of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, at least one electric machine, and at least one heatable electric accumulator, in particular a lithium ion battery, power being drawn from the electric accumulator for starting the internal combustion engine with the aid of the electric machine. It is provided that, after the start of the internal combustion engine and until the heated electric accumulator reaches a predefined minimum temperature, the electric accumulator is operated without load. Furthermore, a drive device for a vehicle, in particular for carrying out the above-described method is provided.

Abstract: In a method for determining the state of charge of an electrical accumulator, individual cell voltages are recorded, and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage is ascertained. A present maximum charge and/or a present minimum charge of the appertaining accumulator cell is determined using a characteristic curve and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage.

Abstract: A protective device for a test installation, the test installation being used for testing objects that have a tendency to burn and emit gas, in particular for testing lithium-ion batteries, and the test installation having a test chamber that is sealable via a door-type opening element with the interposition of a sealing element, and having a testing device configured in the test chamber for the objects. The test chamber includes a venting device for gases and is surrounded by a sealed enclosure.

Abstract: A method for controlling and/or preventing a fire in a vehicle air-conditioning system which contains 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene as a coolant includes bringing the components of the air-conditioning system containing the coolant into contact with an extinguishing agent which contains an aqueous solution or suspension of a compound containing calcium and a gelling extinguishing agent additive.

Abstract: A fire-extinguishing and/or fire-inhibiting composition is based on polymers capable of swelling. In order to bind fumes containing fluorine and/or phosphorous, for example in the event of fires of lithium-ion batteries, the composition includes at least one alkaline-earth carboxylate, in particular calcium carboxylate, of one or more carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A fire-extinguishing and/or fire-retarding composition is based on swellable polymers. In the event of fires of lithium ion batteries, smoke gases containing fluorine and/or phosphorus are bound using alkaline earth metal ions, more particularly calcium ions.

Abstract: A dummy battery cell has a housing, electrodes arranged within the housing, and terminals which are electrically conductively connected to the electrodes. The dummy battery cell is configured such that the housing is configured to hold an electrolyte. Instead of an electrolyte, however, the dummy battery cell has a filler which does not contain an electrolyte. The filler is effective for the battery cell type. A battery, a battery module and a battery system contain at least one such dummy battery cell.

Abstract: An extinguishing agent for firefighting and fire prevention includes a suspension of at least water, a salt which is hardly soluble in water and has a cation of the elements calcium, magnesium, or strontium, and a water thickener. A method for producing the extinguishing agent includes dissolving the water thickener in water, introducing the sparingly soluble salt, and producing a suspension comprising the sparingly soluble salt and the water thickener. A firefighting system includes the extinguishing agent, which is used in firefighting and fire prevention of lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: A method for fighting and/or preventing a fire in one or more battery cells, preferably lithium ion cells, using a hydrous solution of calcium salts and a fire extinguishing gel.

Abstract: A protective device for a test installation, the test installation being used for testing objects that have a tendency to burn and emit gas, in particular for testing lithium-ion batteries, and the test installation having a test chamber that is sealable via a door-type opening element with the interposition of a sealing element, and having a testing device configured in the test chamber for the objects. The test chamber includes a venting device for gases and is surrounded by a sealed enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery test rig, comprising a test cell (3) in which a battery (2) to be tested is arranged, a holder (13) which is arranged in the test cell (3) and is able to hold the battery (2), a regulation unit (4) which can be connected to a battery (2) arranged in the holder (13), at least one sensor device (5, 6) for monitoring the battery (2), wherein the sensor device (5, 6) is connected to the regulation unit (4), and a cooling apparatus (7), which is connected to the regulation unit (4) and is designed to cool the battery (2) in the test cell (3) from the outside in a hazard situation.

Abstract: In a method for determining the state of charge of an electrical accumulator, individual cell voltages are recorded, and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage is ascertained. A present maximum charge and/or a present minimum charge of the appertaining accumulator cell is determined using a characteristic curve and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage.

Abstract: A method for operating a drive device of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, at least one electric machine, and at least one heatable electric accumulator, in particular a lithium ion battery, power being drawn from the electric accumulator for starting the internal combustion engine with the aid of the electric machine. It is provided that, after the start of the internal combustion engine and until the heated electric accumulator reaches a predefined minimum temperature, the electric accumulator is operated without load. Furthermore, a drive device for a vehicle, in particular for carrying out the above-described method is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing the photoelectrode of a solar cell in which a layer of a nanocrystalline semiconductor material is applied on a substrate and then sintered at a sintering temperature. In the method, elongated particles which burn out at the sintering temperature and leave elongated cavities in the layer are introduced into the layer. The invention also relates to a solar cell having a photoelectrode which has such type cavities. The method permits producing photoelectrodes for dye solar cells which allow sufficient diffusion of the electrolyte into the photoelectrode and thus a sufficiently great photocurrent even in the case of high viscous electrolytes.