Abstract: A method for operating a fan system as well as such a fan system. The fan system has a control device having an artificial neural network. The control device controls an electric motor of a backward curved centrifugal fan. The centrifugal fan creates a gas flow that is characterized by an actual flow value, particularly the actual value of a volume flow rate. The actual flow value is not detected by a sensor means, but determined by means of the artificial neural network depending from input variables and based thereon, the electric motor is open loop or closed loop controlled by means of the control device. The motor current and the motor voltage as well as their time-dependent behavior that can be the time derivative (e.g. gradient of first order) or that can be at least one preceding value at a preceding point in time, are provided to an input layer of the artificial neural network.

Abstract: A device (1) for disinfecting air with electromagnetic radiation, has a radiation chamber (10) where air flows from an intake side (A) to a discharge side (B) along a flow path. At least one radiation source (11) generates electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range and emits electromagnetic radiation into the radiation chamber. At least one fan (20) with an impeller (21) generates an air flow through the radiation chamber (10). The fan (20) takes in air on the suction side (A), convey it through the radiation chamber (10) along the flow path to the discharge side (B) and blows it out of the radiation chamber (10) on the discharge side (B). At least the impeller (21) is arranged inside the radiation chamber (10). The impeller (21) has a plurality of blades (22) formed at least in sections from a material deflecting the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method for operating a fan system as well as such a fan system. The fan system has a control device having an artificial neural network. The control device controls an electric motor of a backward curved centrifugal fan. The centrifugal fan creates a gas flow that is characterized by an actual flow value, particularly the actual value of a volume flow rate. The actual flow value is not detected by a sensor means, but determined by means of the artificial neural network depending from input variables and based thereon, the electric motor is open loop or closed loop controlled by means of the control device. The motor current and the motor voltage as well as their time-dependent behavior that can be the time derivative (e.g. gradient of first order) or that can be at least one preceding value at a preceding point in time, are provided to an input layer of the artificial neural network.

Abstract: The method for operating an electrical machine (32) having three phases (A, B, C) and a connection associated with each of the phases (A, B, C) for determining the rotor position (?), including the rotor polarity at a standstill, comprising, for at least two of the phases: a) applying a pulsed voltage (Up) between the two connections associated with the other two phases; b) measuring the voltage thus induced at the connection associated with the phase; c) analyzing the variation of the referenced induced voltage over time; and d) determining the rotor polarity on the basis of the referenced analyses. A measure of the deviation of the variation of the induced voltage over time compared to the variation of the pulsed voltage (Up) over time is advantageously determined in step c). Rotor position (?) is determined in a quick, accurate, cost-saving, and space-saving manner.

Abstract: A method for memory management in smart card controllers by writing of data into a data space in a persistent memory is described. In order to save memory space the persistent memory is split into blocks with fixed data length having logical block numbers; whereby the size of blocks is selected such that it corresponds to the physical size of the pages of the EEPROM memory existing on the card. Fragmented blocks are used by comprising segments being independent from each other, whereby these segments are part of different data fields. A Block Allocation Table (BAT) is used in order to distinguish the physical place of the block in memory from the logical block number and to address different segments in the block.

Abstract: A method for memory management in smart card controllers by writing of data into a data space in a persistent memory is described. In order to save memory space the persistent memory is split into blocks with fixed data length having logical block numbers; whereby the size of blocks is selected such that it corresponds to the physical size of the pages of the EEPROM memory existing on the card. Fragmented blocks are used by comprising segments being independent from each other, whereby these segments are part of different data fields. A Block Allocation Table (BAT) is used in order to distinguish the physical place of the block in memory from the logical block number and to address different segments in the block.