Abstract: An automation device for industrial automation, for closed-loop controlling and/or diagnosing a pneumatic actuator with an actuator member. The automation device has a model, in particular a non-linear model, of the pneumatic actuator, which has at least one model parameter by means of which the model can be adapted to different variants of the pneumatic actuator, and wherein the automation device is configured to carry out closed-loop control and/or diagnosis of the pneumatic actuator using the model.

Abstract: A drive system (10), in particular for process automation, includes: a trajectory planning unit (3), which is adapted to provide a trajectory signal (xd) on the basis of a setpoint signal (xs), and an actuator unit (2) having an actuator member (1), in particular a valve member, which actuator unit (2) is adapted to control and/or regulate a position of the actuator member (1) on the basis of the trajectory signal (xd). The trajectory planning unit (3) is adapted to provide the trajectory signal (xd) with a first signal section (s1) and a second signal section (s2), the first signal section (s1) having a straight signal form and the second signal section (s2) having a signal form asymptotic to the setpoint signal (xs).

Abstract: A method for operating an electric or fluidic actuator, for which a setpoint position is predefined, includes the steps: provision of the setpoint position to a path planning unit and calculation of movement values from the setpoint position, provision of the movement values by the path planning unit to an open-loop control circuit and a closed-loop control circuit, calculation of a first manipulated variable component dependent on the movement values in the open-loop control circuit and calculation of a second manipulated variable component dependent on the movement values and on position signals of a position sensor assigned to the actuator in the closed-loop control circuit, combining of the first and the second manipulated variable component in an control unit and provision of a control signal resulting from the manipulated variable components to the actuator.

Abstract: A drive system (10), in particular for process automation, includes: a trajectory planning unit (3), which is adapted to provide a trajectory signal (xd) on the basis of a setpoint signal (xs), and an actuator unit (2) having an actuator member (1), in particular a valve member, which actuator unit (2) is adapted to control and/or regulate a position of the actuator member (1) on the basis of the trajectory signal (xd). The trajectory planning unit (3) is adapted to provide the trajectory signal (xd) with a first signal section (s1) and a second signal section (s2), the first signal section (s1) having a straight signal form and the second signal section (s2) having a signal form asymptotic to the setpoint signal (xs).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a hand-held power tool comprising a percussion mechanism, especially a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer. According to the disclosure, at least one sensor unit comprising at least sensor for at least one mechanical measurement variable is provided for detecting at least one percussion parameter.

Abstract: Percussion unit, especially for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer, comprising a control unit which is designed for controlling a pneumatic percussion mechanism. According to the disclosure, the control unit comprises at least one load estimation device.

Abstract: A method for operating an electric or fluidic actuator, for which a setpoint position is predefined, includes the steps: provision of the setpoint position to a path planning unit and calculation of movement values from the setpoint position, provision of the movement values by the path planning unit to an open-loop control circuit and a closed-loop control circuit, calculation of a first manipulated variable component dependent on the movement values in the open-loop control circuit and calculation of a second manipulated variable component dependent on the movement values and on position signals of a position sensor assigned to the actuator in the closed-loop control circuit, combining of the first and the second manipulated variable component in an control unit and provision of a control signal resulting from the manipulated variable components to the actuator.

Abstract: Percussion unit, especially for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer, comprising a control unit which is designed for open-loop and/or closed loop control of a pneumatic percussion mechanism, and at least one operating condition sensor unit. According to the disclosure, the control unit is designed to detect at least one percussion mechanism parameter depending on measurement values of the operating condition sensor unit.

Abstract: A percussion unit for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer includes a control unit that is configured for open-loop and/or closed loop control of a pneumatic percussion mechanism. In at least one operating state in which the control unit changes from an idle mode to a percussion mode, the control unit is configured to adjust at least one operating parameter temporarily to a starting value.

Abstract: A percussion unit, especially for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer, includes a control unit that is configured for open-loop and/or closed loop control of a drive unit and/or a pneumatic percussion mechanism. The percussion unit further includes a pressure sensor unit that is configured to measure a pressure curve in order to detect at least one state of the percussion mechanism.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a hand-held power tool comprising a percussion mechanism, especially a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer. According to the disclosure, at least one sensor unit comprising at least sensor for at least one mechanical measurement variable is provided for detecting at least one percussion parameter.

Abstract: Percussion unit, especially for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer, comprising a control unit which is designed for open-loop and/or closed loop control of a pneumatic percussion mechanism, and at least one operating condition sensor unit. According to the disclosure, the control unit is designed to detect at least one percussion mechanism parameter depending on measurement values of the operating condition sensor unit.

Abstract: A percussion unit for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer includes a control unit that is configured for open-loop and/or closed loop control of a pneumatic percussion mechanism. In at least one operating state in which the control unit changes from an idle mode to a percussion mode, the control unit is configured to adjust at least one operating parameter temporarily to a starting value.

Abstract: Percussion unit, especially for a rotary hammer and/or percussion hammer, comprising a control unit which is designed for controlling a pneumatic percussion mechanism. According to the disclosure, the control unit comprises at least one load estimation device.

Abstract: A laser device includes a multipass resonator which has, in the beam path between two resonator end mirrors, at least two opposite beam folding mirrors with confronting mirror surfaces. At least one of the beam folding mirrors is limited in its width and at least one has a beam discharge area. To produce a low-order laser mode, preferably a 00 mode, the mirror surface of at least one beam folding mirror has its reflectivity dimishished in the region outside of the desired modes of radiation.

Abstract: A gas laser has a coolable inner electrode for connection to a radio-frequency power source and a coolable outer electrode that is coaxial with and radially spaced from the inner electrode with an excitation space containing the gas to be excited in the radial space between the inner and outer electrodes. With a view to improving a laser of this type in such a way that excitation at higher power with retention of homogeneous discharge is possible, that gas decomposition is slower, and that any desired liquid coolant can be used regardless of the electrical conditions, the excitation space is radially bounded by two, tubular dielectric bodies which are coaxial with and radially spaced from each other.

Abstract: A gas laser has (1) a reflecting body with a reflecting surface, (2) excitation space structure cooperative with the reflecting body for defining an excitation space which is open opposite the reflecting surface of the reflecting body, (3) devices for lasingly exciting a gas in the excitation space and (4) a mirror assembly. The mirror assembly has a mirror having a reflecting surface facing the opening in the excitation space. A radial flange is about the mirror with the reflecting surface of the mirror on one axial side of the radial flange. At least one spacer and, preferably three, circumferentially-spaced bars project from the excitation space structure and engage the radial flange substantially axially for supporting it at least one of axially slidably and tiltably. Bellows sealingly connect the one axial side of the radial flange to the opening of the excitation space structure and its other axial side to a backplate immovably connected to the spacer bar on the other axial side of the radial flange.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing a sample by electromagnetic irradiation includes a vacuum chamber, a support for holding the sample in the vacuum chamber, an arrangement for irradiating the sample with an electromagnetic beam, a mass analyzer disposed in the vacuum chamber, an arrangement for extracting particles from the sample and introducing them into the mass analyzer and a layer of conductive material situated in the vicinity of support in the zone of the sample.

Abstract: A sample analyzer includes a microscope for alternatively focusing an electromagnetic radiation on the sample to cause ion emission therefrom and visually observing the sample; a mass spectrometer for the mass analysis of the emitted ions; an illuminating device for lighting the sample for the microscopic visual observation thereof; an ion optical system for directing the emitted ions into the mass spectrometer; and a displaceably supported carrier carrying the ion optical system and at least one part of the illuminating device. The carrier has a first position in which the ion optical system is in an operating position in alignment with the sample and a second position in which the illuminating device is in an operating position in alignment with the sample. There is further provided an actuator for selectively moving the carrier into its positions in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of the ion optical system.