Abstract: Polybutylene terephthalate can be used as a gas diffusion barrier for closed-cell rigid polyurethane foams. A thermal insulation element containing a closed-cell, rigid polyurethane foam, which is at least partially covered by a layer system containing at least one layer formed by a polybutylene terephthalate composition, is useful. Articles and devices may contain a corresponding thermal insulation structure, such as refrigerators, insulation panels, pipe insulations, water heaters, and thermally insulated transport boxes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for forming a substantially straight, in particular wound, dough piece into an annular shape, comprising a bending unit for annularly bending the dough piece. The bending unit may comprise at least one retaining jaw, two movably supported shaping jaws, a lifting device and a stamp. While being in engagement with the dough piece, one of the shaping jaws provided with a projection is displaceable along a displacement path section between an initial position, in which the projection is in contact with a lower surface of the dough piece, and a final position, in which the projection has been brought out of engagement with the dough piece.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (01, 18) for forming substantially straight, in particular wound, dough pieces (02) into an annular shape, comprising a bending unit for annularly bending the dough piece (02), the bending unit comprising: at least one retaining jaw (04) and two movably supported shaping jaws (07, 08, 19, 20) and a lifting device and a stamp (17), wherein, while being in engagement with the dough piece (02), a shaping jaw (08, 19) provided with a projection (12, 27) is displaced along a displacement path section between an initial position and a final position, and wherein the projection (12, 27) is in contact with the lower surface of the dough piece (02) at the initial position, and wherein the projection (12, 27) has been brought out of engagement with the dough piece (02) at the final position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for creating blanks from pieces of dough, in particular triangular pieces of dough, from at least one web of dough, comprising a plurality of cutting tools which cut an edge of the pieces of dough as a result of a movement oriented against the at least one web of dough and comprising a conveyor belt device on which the at least one web of dough is conveyed. The cutting tools are arranged on a drum, which is driven in a rotating manner, via tool holders, said drum being superimposed with a vertical movement such that one or more cutting tools 1 which can be found circulating about the drum are moved parallel to the conveyor belt device as a result of the superimposed sequence of movements of the drum rotation and the vertical movement of the drum.

Abstract: A method and device for forming dough in a U or annular shape includes a gripper carrier, at least one retaining jaw attached to the gripper carrier and first and second pivot carriers. The pivot carriers are each supported about a respective pivot axis in the gripper carrier and perform an opposite pivot motion. The second pivot carrier is supported by a shaft that extends into and engages the gripper carrier, such that a pivotal motion of the second pivot carrier engages the shaft with the gripper carrier to simultaneously pivot and lift the second pivot carrier so to lift one end of the dough piece in relation to another end of the dough piece. Shaping jaws are attached to the first and second pivot carriers and can be brought into contact with the respective dough piece on an opposite second side.

Abstract: A method and device for forming dough in a U or annular shape includes a gripper carrier, at least one retaining jaw attached to the gripper carrier and first and second pivot carriers. The pivot carriers are each supported about a respective pivot axis in the gripper carrier and perform an opposite pivot motion. The second pivot carrier is supported by a shaft that extends into and engages the gripper carrier, such that a pivotal motion of the second pivot carrier engages the shaft with the gripper carrier to simultaneously pivot and lift the second pivot carrier so to lift one end of the dough piece in relation to another end of the dough piece. Shaping jaws are attached to the first and second pivot carriers and can be brought into contact with the respective dough piece on an opposite second side.

Abstract: A device for forming dough in a U or annular shape includes a gripper carrier, at least one retaining jaw attached to the gripper carrier and first and second pivot carriers. The pivot carriers are each pivotably supported about a respective pivot axis in the gripper carrier and perform an opposite pivot motion. The second pivot carrier is pivotally supported by a shaft that extends into and engages the gripper carrier, such that a pivotal motion of the second pivot carrier engages the shaft with the gripper carrier to simultaneously pivot and lift the second pivot carrier in a direction of the respective pivot axis so to lift one end of the dough piece in relation to another end of the dough piece. Shaping jaws are attached to the first and second pivot carriers and can be brought into contact with the respective dough piece on an opposite second side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for forming substantially straight, in particular wound, croissant dough pieces (36) in a U-shape or annular shape, comprising a gripper unit (09), wherein the gripper unit (09) comprises: a gripper carrier (10); at least one retaining jaw (11, 17, 24), which is rigidly or movably attached to the gripper carrier (10) and which can be brought in contact with the dough piece (36, 37, 38, 41) on a first side; two pivot carriers (16, 23), which are each pivotably supported about a pivot axis in the gripper carrier (10) and which perform an opposite pivot motion (19, 26); and shaping jaws (18, 25), which are each rigidly or movably attached to the pivot carrier (16, 23) and which can be brought into contact with the dough piece (36, 37, 38, 41) on the opposite second side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing pure alpha-alkoxy-?-hydroxy-polyalkylene glycols, creating small impurities of the product on high-molecular a-?-di-hydroxy-polyalkylene glycols. The method is based on the use of high-boiling initiator alcohols of the following general structure R2—(OCH2CHR)k—OH wherein R2 represents an alkyl radical comprising between 1 and 4 C atoms, preferably R2?CH3, k represents a number between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 4, and R represents H, CH3 or an alkyl radical comprising between 2 and 4 C atoms, preferably R?H, CH3. The use of the cited initiator alcohols enables the mixture of a basic catalyst and an initiator alcohol to be dried in such a way that it has a very low water content, and thus to produce very low concentrations of unwanted a-?-di-hydroxy-polyalkylene glycol impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing pure alpha-alkoxy-?-hydroxy-polyalkylene glycols, creating small impurities of the product on high-molecular a-?-di-hydroxy-polyalkylene glycols. The method is based on the use of high-boiling initiator alcohols of the following general structure R2—(OCH2CHR)k—OH wherein R2 represents an alkyl radical comprising between 1 and 4 C atoms, preferably R2=CH3, k represents a number between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 4, and R represents H, CH3 or an alkyl radical comprising between 2 and 4 C atoms, preferably R=H, CH3. The use of the cited initiator alcohols enables the mixture of a basic catalyst and an initiator alcohol to be dried in such a way that it has a very low water content, and thus to produce very low concentrations of unwanted a-?-di-hydroxy-polyalkylene glycol impurities.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycol and preparation thereof.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycols and alcohol ethoxylates having a low ethylene oxide content not exceeding 0.2 ppm and a process for preparing such substances are described.

Abstract: A screw connection for hinge parts, especially of an eyeglass frame, comprising a screw that interconnects the hinge parts that engage one inside the other and that have an upper hinge lobe, a lower hinge lobe, and at least one middle hinge lobe, the screw having a screw head and a screw shank that extends through a first through opening in the upper hinge lobe and extends through a second through opening in the middle hinge lobe, with a thread permitting the screw shank to be screwed into the lower hinge lobe, and comprising a sleeve that surrounds the screw shank, has elastic properties, and interacts with the upper and middle hinge lobes when the screw is in a screwed-in state, whereby the diameter (D2) of the second through opening is less than or equal to the diameter (D1) of the first through opening.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one physical parameter of accumulator electrode plates, such as the true plate thickness P.sub.d, the apparent density D.sub.s of the active material, the true density D.sub.w of the active material, the pore volume P.sub.a, the porosity P.sub.0 of the active material or the pore structure, is performed such that, by means of various weighings, the weight (G.sub.FP) of a liquid plate is determined instead of the weight of a real electrode plate, and, from this value, the desired physical parameter is obtained which is used for controlling the production process.

Abstract: In a method for the electrical measurement of the concentration of acids a measurement electrode (11) consisting at least predominantly of crystalline graphite is arranged in an acid (12) having anions which form graphite intercalation compounds with graphite. The measurement electrode (11) is then intercalated by generating in the measurement electrode (11), at a variable positive potential, a current of such a size that the anions of the acids (12) can from graphite intercalation compounds with the graphite. The current is maintained until the intercalation compounds have formed at the surface. The potential at the measurement electrode (11) is then measured and used as a measure for the acid concentration. The measurement electrode (11) is subsequently deintercalated again.