Patents by Inventor Raj B. Apte

Raj B. Apte has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Publication number: 20110309513
    Abstract: An embodiment is a method and apparatus for heat extraction and shielding in multi-block semiconductor devices. A plurality of blocks stacked on each other is interconnected by vertical vias filled with thermally conducting material and separated by buried thermally conductive layers. A thermally conductive layer is bonded to bottom or top of the plurality of blocks as a ground plane or a heat extraction layer. The thermally conductive layer has a high thermal conductivity. An embodiment is a method and apparatus for heat extraction and shielding in single-block semiconductor devices. A thermally insulative layer is deposited on a substrate. The thermally insulative layer is capable of supporting a thermal gradient to reduce heating of the substrate. A buried thermally conductive layer is formed inside the thermally insulative layer and has a vertical via to connect through the substrate to an external heat extracting layer.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 18, 2010
    Publication date: December 22, 2011
    Applicant: PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER INCORPORATED
    Inventors: David K. Biegelsen, Raj B. Apte
  • Patent number: 7811692
    Abstract: An improved fuel cell is described. The invention addresses the problem of mechanical failure in thin electrolytes. One embodiment varies the thickness of the electrolyte and positions at least either the anode or cathode in the recessed region to provide a short travel distance for ions traveling from the anode to the cathode or from the cathode to the anode. A second embodiment uses a uniquely shaped manifold cover to allow close positioning of the anode to the cathode. Using the described structures results in a substantial improvement in fuel cell reliability and performance.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 24, 2008
    Date of Patent: October 12, 2010
    Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: Raj B. Apte, David G. Duff, Christian G. Van de Walle, Jeng Ping Lu, Alberto Salleo, Stephen D. White
  • Publication number: 20100237244
    Abstract: A backplane test system is provided that uses a pressed or deposited resistive film and infra-red (IR) imaging to visualize and quantify the current drive of pixels. In one form, the system is used for measuring organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) backplanes or other current-actuated-display (CAD) backplanes.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 20, 2009
    Publication date: September 23, 2010
    Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: Raj B. Apte, Jeng Ping Lu, Jackson H. Ho
  • Publication number: 20100181573
    Abstract: A diode has a first contact of a material having a first conductivity type, a second contact of a material having a second conductivity type arranged co-planarly with the first contact, a channel arranged co-planarly between the first and second contacts, a gate arranged adjacent the channel, and a voltage source electrically connected to the gate. A diode has a layer of material arranged on a substrate, a first region of material doped to have a first conductivity type, a second region of material doped to have a second conductivity type, a channel between the first and second regions formed of an undoped region, a gate arranged adjacent the channel, and a voltage source electrically connected to the gate.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 22, 2009
    Publication date: July 22, 2010
    Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: JengPing Lu, Raj B. Apte
  • Patent number: 7623169
    Abstract: In one aspect of the present application, provided is a charge gain imaging system and a method of operating the charge gain imaging system. The method includes collecting a pixel charge. The collected pixel charge being stored by a pixel capacitance (Cp). Thereafter the pixel having the stored pixel charge is selected via a pixel select switch, and the pixel voltage is transferred and stored by data line capacitance (Cd) of a data line of the imager. An amplifier select switch is activated connecting the data line to a charge amplifier, and a charge gain defined by a relationship Cd/Cp, is sensed by a charge amplifier.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 2003
    Date of Patent: November 24, 2009
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Raj B. Apte
  • Publication number: 20090219035
    Abstract: An electronic test system to evaluate the pixel and array properties of active-matrix displays that use charge or current sensitive circuits attached to the array data lines is described. Leakage-current, charging time, and other metrics can be measured for all pixels in the array without electrical or optical connection to the interior of the array. In accordance with the presently described embodiments, charge or current sensitive amplifiers and selected voltage drivers may be used in conjunction with variable timing and voltages to determine individual transistor properties over an entire array in just a few seconds.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 29, 2008
    Publication date: September 3, 2009
    Applicant: PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER INCORPORATED
    Inventor: Raj B. Apte
  • Publication number: 20090047558
    Abstract: An improved fuel cell is described. The invention addresses the problem of mechanical failure in thin electrolytes. One embodiment varies the thickness of the electrolyte and positions at least either the anode or cathode in the recessed region to provide a short travel distance for ions traveling from the anode to the cathode or from the cathode to the anode. A second embodiment uses a uniquely shaped manifold cover to allow close positioning of the anode to the cathode. Using the described structures results in a substantial improvement in fuel cell reliability and performance.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 24, 2008
    Publication date: February 19, 2009
    Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: Raj B. Apte, David G. Duff, Christian G. Van de Walle, Jeng Ping Lu, Alberto Salleo, Stephen D. White
  • Patent number: 7459225
    Abstract: An improved fuel cell is described. The invention addresses the problem of mechanical failure in thin electrolytes. One embodiment varies the thickness of the electrolyte and positions at least either the anode or cathode in the recessed region to provide a short travel distance for ions traveling from the anode to the cathode or from the cathode to the anode. A second embodiment uses a uniquely shaped manifold cover to allow close positioning of the anode to the cathode. Using the described structures results in a substantial improvement in fuel cell reliability and performance.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 24, 2003
    Date of Patent: December 2, 2008
    Inventors: Raj B. Apte, David G. Duff, Christian G. Van de Walle, Jeng Ping Lu, Alberto Salleo, Stephen D. White
  • Patent number: 7425734
    Abstract: An improved transistor array for a display or sensor device is described. The display or sensor device includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a width and a length. Each pixel is addressed by a transistor. The transistor addressing each pixel has a channel with a channel width. Each channel width is greater than the width or length of the pixel being addressed. By fabricating transistors with extremely long channel widths, lower mobility semiconductor materials can easily be used to fabricate the display device.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 25, 2005
    Date of Patent: September 16, 2008
    Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: William S. Wong, Jeng Ping Lu, Alberto Salleo, Michael L. Chabinyc, Raj B. Apte, Robert A. Street
  • Patent number: 7358530
    Abstract: An improved transistor array for a display or sensor device is described. The display or sensor device includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a width and a length. Each pixel is addressed by a transistor. The transistor addressing each pixel has a channel with a channel width. Each channel width is greater than the width or length of the pixel being addressed. By fabricating transistors with extremely long channel widths, lower mobility semiconductor materials can easily be used to fabricate the display device.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 12, 2003
    Date of Patent: April 15, 2008
    Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: William S. Wong, Jeng Ping Lu, Alberto Salleo, Michael L. Chabinyc, Raj B. Apte, Robert A. Street
  • Patent number: 7321356
    Abstract: An improved method and system for printing electric paper is described. The method utilizes a system for keeping a writing characteristic, such as an electric charge or an electric current, constant with each pixel of an electric paper as the electric paper moves through a system. By keeping the electrical characteristic constant at each pixel, as the electric paper moves, the throughput of an electric paper printing system is significantly enhanced.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 15, 2004
    Date of Patent: January 22, 2008
    Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventor: Raj B. Apte
  • Patent number: 6973722
    Abstract: Spring structures are subjected to pre-release and post-release annealing to tune their tip height to match a specified target. Post-release annealing increases tip height, and pre-release annealing decreases tip height. The amount of tuning is related to the annealing temperature and/or time. Annealing schedules are determined for a pre-fabricated cache of unreleased spring structures such that finished spring structures having a variety of target heights can be economically produced by releasing/annealing the cache according to associated annealing schedules. Selective annealing is performed using lasers and heat absorbing/reflecting materials. Localized annealing is used to generate various spring structure shapes. Both stress-engineered and strain-engineered spring structures are tuned by annealing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 17, 2003
    Date of Patent: December 13, 2005
    Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
    Inventors: Thomas Hantschel, David K. Fork, Dirk De Bruyker, Chinnwen Shih, Jeng Ping Lu, Christopher L. Chua, Raj B. Apte, Brent S. Krusor
  • Patent number: 6872320
    Abstract: A method and system for masking a surface to be etched is described. A droplet source ejects droplets of a masking material for deposit on a thin-film or other substrate surface to be etched. The temperature of the thin-film or substrate surface is controlled such that the droplets rapidly freeze upon contact with the thin-film or substrate surface. The thin-film or substrate is then etched. After etching the masking material is removed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 19, 2001
    Date of Patent: March 29, 2005
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: William S. Wong, Robert A. Street, Stephen D. White, Robert Matusiak, Raj B. Apte
  • Patent number: 6751865
    Abstract: A method of making a print head is disclosed for use in a marking apparatus in which a propellant stream is passed through a channel and directed toward a substrate. Marking material, such as ink, toner, etc., is controllably introduced into the propellant stream and imparted with sufficient kinetic energy thereby to be made incident upon a substrate. A multiplicity of channels for directing the propellant and marking material allow for high throughput, high resolution marking. Multiple marking materials may be introduced into the channel and mixed therein prior to being made incident on the substrate, or mixed or superimposed on the substrate without re-registration.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: June 22, 2004
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Eric Peeters, Jaan Noolandi, Raj B. Apte, Philip D. Floyd, Meng H. Lean, Armin R. Volkel
  • Patent number: 6742884
    Abstract: A method and system for masking a surface to be etched is described. A droplet source ejects droplets of a masking material for deposit on a thin-film or other substrate surface to be etched. The temperature of the thin-film or substrate surface is controlled such that the droplets rapidly freeze upon contact with the thin-film or substrate surface. The thin-film or substrate is then etched. After etching the masking material is removed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 19, 2001
    Date of Patent: June 1, 2004
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: William S. Wong, Robert A. Street, Stephen D. White, Robert Matusiak, Raj B. Apte
  • Publication number: 20040000632
    Abstract: In one aspect of the present application, provided is a charge gain imaging system and a method of operating the charge gain imaging system. The method includes collecting a pixel charge. The collected pixel charge being stored by a pixel capacitance (Cp). Thereafter the pixel having the stored pixel charge is selected via a pixel select switch, and the pixel voltage is transferred and stored by data line capacitance (Cd) of a data line of the imager. An amplifier select switch is activated connecting the data line to a charge amplifier, and a charge gain defined by a relationship Cd/Cp, is sensed by a charge amplifier.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 7, 2003
    Publication date: January 1, 2004
    Applicant: XEROX CORPORATION
    Inventor: Raj B. Apte
  • Patent number: 6523928
    Abstract: A method for treating a substrate is disclosed in which a propellant stream is passed through a channel and directed toward a substrate. Substrate pre-marking or post-marking treatment material is controllably introduced into the propellant stream and imparted with sufficient kinetic energy thereby to be made incident upon a substrate. A multiplicity of channels for directing the propellant and treatment material allow for high throughput, high resolution in-situ treatment. Marking materials and treatment materials may be introduced into the channel and mixed therein prior to being made incident on the substrate, or mixed or superimposed on the substrate without registration. One example is a single-pass, full-color printer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: February 25, 2003
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Eric Peeters, Jaan Noolandi, Raj B. Apte, Philip D. Floyd, Jonathan A. Small, Gregory J. Kovacs, Meng H. Lean, Armin R. Volkel, Steven B. Bolte, An-Chang Shi, Frederick J. Endicott, Gregory B. Anderson, Dan A. Hays, Joel A. Kubby, Warren B. Jackson, Karen A. Moffat, T. Brian McAneney, Richard P. N. Veregin, Maria N. V. McDougall, Danielle C. Boils, Paul D. Szabo
  • Publication number: 20030027082
    Abstract: A method and system for masking a surface to be etched is described. A droplet source ejects droplets of a masking material for deposit on a thin-film or other substrate surface to be etched. The temperature of the thin-film or substrate surface is controlled such that the droplets rapidly freeze upon contact with the thin-film or substrate surface. The thin-film or substrate is then etched. After etching the masking material is removed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 19, 2001
    Publication date: February 6, 2003
    Applicant: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: William S. Wong, Robert A. Street, Stephen D. White, Robert Matusiak, Raj B. Apte
  • Patent number: 6511149
    Abstract: A marking apparatus is disclosed in which a propellant stream is passed through a channel and directed toward a substrate. Marking material, such as ink, toner, etc., is controllably introduced into the propellant stream and imparted with sufficient kinetic energy thereby to be made incident upon a substrate. At sufficient velocity, and with appropriate marking material, the marking material may be kinetically fused to the substrate. A multiplicity of channels for directing the propellant and marking material allow for high throughput, high resolution marking. Multiple marking materials may be introduced into the channel and mixed therein prior to being made incident on the substrate, or mixed or superimposed on the substrate without registration. One example is a single-pass, full-color printer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: January 28, 2003
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Eric Peeters, Jaan Noolandi, Raj B. Apte, Philip D. Floyd, Jonathan A. Small, Gregory J. Kovacs, Meng H. Lean, Armin R. Volkel, Steven B. Bolte, An-Chang Shi, Frederick J. Endicott, Gregory B. Anderson, Dan A. Hays, Joel A. Kubby, Warren B. Jackson
  • Publication number: 20020154187
    Abstract: A method and system for masking a surface to be etched is described. A droplet source ejects droplets of a masking material for deposit on a thin-film or other substrate surface to be etched. The temperature of the thin-film or substrate surface is controlled such that the droplets rapidly freeze upon contact with the thin-film or substrate surface. The thin-film or substrate is then etched. After etching the masking material is removed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 19, 2001
    Publication date: October 24, 2002
    Applicant: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: William S. Wong, Robert A. Street, Stephen D. White, Robert Matusiak, Raj B. Apte