Abstract: A system, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for creating virtual application templates for the purpose of propagating a single application snapshot into multiple, distinct images. Snapshot virtual templates allow multiple application instances to use the same fixed resource identifier by making the resource identifier virtual, privatizing it, and dynamically mapping it to a unique system resource identifier. When a snapshot is cloned from a virtual template, the common or shared data is used exactly as is, whereas the non-sharable data is either copied-on-write, multiplexed, virtualized, or customized-on-duplication. The present invention notes access to modified resources, fixed system IDs/keys and unique process-related identifies and automatically inserts a level of abstraction between these resources and the application. The resources contained in a snapshot virtual template can be dynamically redirected at restore time.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-level memory domain protection. A user process for executing operating system code at a first protection level and user code at a second protection level. A domain process for executing the operating system code at the first protection level and domain code at the second protection level. The operating system code protecting the domain code, executing at the second protection level, from the user code, executing at the second protection level, by context switching between the user process context and the domain process context.

Abstract: The present invention provides virtual mapping of system resource identifiers in use by a software application for the purpose of making the running state of an application node independent. By adding a layer of indirection between the application and the resource, new system resources are reallocated and then can be mapped to the application's existing resource requirements while it is running, without the application detecting a failure or change in resource handles. This layer of indirection makes the application's system resource identifier (system RID) transparent to the application. RID's are usually numeric in form, but can also be alphanumeric. RID's are unique to a machine, and can be reused once all claims to a specific RID have been given up.

Abstract: Method, system, apparatus, and computer program and computer program product provide on-demand, scalable computational resources to application providers over a distributed network and system. Resources are made available based on demand for applications. Application providers are charged fees based on the amount of resources utilized to satisfy the needs of the application. In providing compute resources, method and apparatus is capable of rapidly activating a plurality of instances of the applications as demand increases and to halt instances as demand drops. Application providers are charged based on metered amount of computational resources utilized in processing their applications. Application providers access the network to distribute applications onto network to utilize distributed compute resources for processing of the applications. Application providers are further capable of monitoring, updating and replacing distributed applications.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-level memory domain protection. A user process for executing operating system code at a first protection level and user code at a second protection level. A domain process for executing the operating system code at the first protection level and domain code, executing at the second protection level. The operating system code protecting the domain code, executing at the second protection level, from the user code, executing at the second protection level, by context switching between the user process context and the domain process context.

Abstract: A system for managing execution of a computer program. A domain array is used to reduce the overhead associated with managing multiple instances of a computer program. A portion of virtual address space is reserved for multiple instances of the computer program, each instance having virtual address space reserved for program code and data. The virtual addresses of the program code for the plurality of instances are mapped to shared physical address space having the executable code. The virtual addresses of data for the plurality of instances are mapped to respective dedicated portions of physical address space having data for the plurality of instances.

Abstract: A system for managing communication between a client program and a server program. A port service module manages a plurality of domain ports. Each domain port has predefined characteristics which are used by the port service module to direct which server computer programs or which instances of server computer programs with which a client computer program will interact. The domain port characteristics also direct the port service module whether to order messages, count messages, and/or monitor for different types of error conditions in communications between the client program and the server program.

Abstract: A naming system for resolution of hierarchically named computer accessible objects to respective object identifiers. The naming system includes a global namer module which is instantiated on multiple systems. Resolution of a hierarchical name begins at a first instance of the global namer module. The first instance resolves one or more successive portions of the hierarchical name to a respective object identifier(s). If the hierarchical name cannot be completely resolved at the first instance, the hierarhcial name is forwarded to a second instance which is referenced by an object identifier identified by the first instance. Resolution then continues at the second instance, and possibly at additional instances of the global namer module, until the last portion of the hierarchical name is resolved to an object identifier. The object identifier is then returned as that of the entire hierarchical name.