Abstract: Embodiments provide for interactive routing transistor devices of an integrated circuit (IC) design using an interactive routing tool. An example method includes receiving an integrated circuit (IC) design comprising a plurality of transistor devices. The example method further includes receiving a design rule check (DRC) rules set. The example method further includes, responsive to identifying, based at least in part on the DRC rules set, that a first connection input associated with a transistor device of the plurality of transistor devices creates a design rule violation, determining whether a force mode input has been received. The example method further includes, responsive to determining that the force mode input has been received, enabling routing of the first connection input.

Abstract: A system for communicating between blockchains on heterogeneous blockchain networks. The system can include a sending blockchain configured to transmit a first message via a sending blockchain protocol, wherein the sending blockchain forms a part of a sending blockchain network. The system can include a sending adapter node configured to receive the first message from the sending blockchain and translate the first message from the sending blockchain protocol to an adapter protocol. The system can include a receiving adapter node configured to receive the first message from the sending adapter node and translate the first message from the adapter protocol to a receiving blockchain protocol. The system can include a receiving blockchain configured to receive the first message from the receiving adapter node, and validate the first message, wherein the receiving blockchain forms a part of a receiving blockchain network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a service chain data packet is instrumented as it is communicated among network nodes in a network providing service-level and/or networking operations visibility. The service chain data packet includes a particular header identifying a service group defining one or more service functions, and is a data packet and not a probe packet. A network node adds networking and/or service-layer operations data to the particular service chain data packet, such as, but not limited to, in the particular header. Such networking operations data includes a performance metric or attribute related to the transport of the particular service chain packet in the network. Such service-layer operations data includes a performance metric or attribute related to the service-level processing of the particular service chain data packet in the network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a service chain data packet is instrumented as it is communicated among network nodes in a network providing service-level and/or networking operations visibility. The service chain data packet includes a particular header identifying a service group defining one or more service functions, and is a data packet and not a probe packet. A network node adds networking and/or service-layer operations data to the particular service chain data packet, such as, but not limited to, in the particular header. Such networking operations data includes a performance metric or attribute related to the transport of the particular service chain packet in the network. Such service-layer operations data includes a performance metric or attribute related to the service-level processing of the particular service chain data packet in the network.

Abstract: A system for enabling communication between blockchains on heterogeneous blockchain networks. The system can include a sending blockchain network comprised of a sending blockchain that includes a plurality of blocks, each block including a block header and one or more transaction values associated with an identification request transmitted by the sending blockchain. The system can include a directory service node configured to receive the identification request from the sending blockchain, and identify a receiving blockchain, which forms part of a receiving blockchain network. The system can include an identity service node configured to receive a trust request from the directory service node to determine whether a valid trust certificate is available for the receiving blockchain, and enable communication between the sending blockchain and the receiving blockchain, when the valid trust certificate is determined to be available.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for transferring digital tokens to and from a physical payment card. The method includes: receiving, on a processing server, a plurality of digital tokens issued from a central bank; and transferring, from the processing server, the plurality of digital tokens to the physical payment card, the physical payment card configured to be used with a point of sale (POS).

Abstract: A method for maintaining a consistent blockchain ledger for storing commitments across multiple separate blockchains includes: storing a blockchain comprised of a plurality of blocks, each block including at least a block header and one or more blockchain data values; receiving a base commitment from a first node, where the first node is included in a first blockchain network; generating a first new block including at least a first block header and the received base commitment; storing the first new block in the blockchain; receiving a state commitment from an additional node included in each of at least two additional blockchain networks; generating an additional new block including at least an additional block header and each received state commitment; and storing the additional new block in the blockchain.

Abstract: A system for enabling communication between blockchains on heterogeneous blockchain networks. The system can include a sending blockchain network comprised of a sending blockchain that includes a plurality of blocks, each block including a block header and one or more transaction values associated with an identification request transmitted by the sending blockchain. The system can include a directory service node configured to receive the identification request from the sending blockchain, and identify a receiving blockchain, which forms part of a receiving blockchain network. The system can include an identity service node configured to receive a trust request from the directory service node to determine whether a valid trust certificate is available for the receiving blockchain and enable communication between the sending blockchain and the receiving blockchain, when the valid trust certificate is determined to be available.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for transferring digital tokens to and from a physical payment card. The method includes: receiving, on a processing server, a plurality of digital tokens issued from a central bank; and transferring, from the processing server, the plurality of digital tokens to the physical payment card, the physical payment card configured to be used with a point of sale (POS).

Abstract: A method and system of providing a service node within a blockchain network. The method includes storing, in a memory of a processing server, a blockchain comprised of a plurality of blocks, wherein each block is comprised of at least a block header and one or more data values, wherein the one or more data values included in a most recent block includes at least one data point associated with services or functions of at least a first service node; receiving, by a receiving device of the processing server, a request from a second service node for the list of services or functions of the at least a first service node within the blockchain network; and validating, by the processing server, the request from the second service node for the list of services or functions of the at least a first service node within the blockchain network.

Abstract: Delegating issuance capability to a third-party of fungible digital assets involves a central (e.g., central bank) processor receiving a request to issue fungible digital assets from a third-party node; verifying the request; validating request to issue fungible digital assets from the third-party; approving or rejecting the request; if the request to issue fungible digital assets is approved, creating an issuance authorization message; executing a smart contract clause to add an entity of the third-party node to a list of authorized entities; publishing the issuance authorization message on a blockchain indicating that a third-party node has been added to the list of authorized entities; and publishing a revocation message on the blockchain revoking an authorization granted to the third-party node to issue digital assets.

Abstract: A method for enabling refund of a non-fungible token (NFT) includes: receiving a transaction message for a payment transaction; processing the payment transaction using the transaction message, where processing includes identification of a transaction identifier for the payment transaction; transmitting the transaction identifier to a first device; receiving a notification message including the transaction identifier and a token identifier, where the token identifier is associated with the NFT; receiving a refund request message from a second device, where the refund request message includes the transaction identifier and/or the token identifier; processing a refund transaction for the payment transaction; and submitting the transaction identifier as input into a smart contract stored in a blockchain associated with the NFT for reversal of ownership of the NFT.

Abstract: A method for assisting wallet providers in regulatory compliance for blockchain transactions includes: receiving, by a receiver of a processing server, a new blockchain transaction from a first computing device, the new blockchain including at least a destination address associated with a blockchain wallet as a recipient for the new blockchain transaction; generating, by a processor of the processing server, a reference identifier for the new blockchain transaction; identifying, by the processor of the processing server, a profile for the blockchain wallet based on the destination address; transmitting, by a transmitter of the processing server, the reference identifier to the first computing device; and transmitting, by the transmitter of the processing server, a notification message to a second computing device, the notification message including at least the reference identifier and data associated with the blockchain wallet.

Abstract: Delegating issuance capability to a third-party of fungible digital assets involves a central (e.g., central bank) processor receiving a request to issue fungible digital assets from a third-party node; verifying the request; validating request to issue fungible digital assets from the third-party; approving or rejecting the request; if the request to issue fungible digital assets is approved, creating an issuance authorization message; executing a smart contract clause to add an entity of the third-party node to a list of authorized entities; publishing the issuance authorization message on a blockchain indicating that a third-party node has been added to the list of authorized entities; and publishing a revocation message on the blockchain revoking an authorization granted to the third-party node to issue digital assets.

Abstract: A method and system of providing a service node within a blockchain network. The method includes storing, in a memory of a processing server, a blockchain comprised of a plurality of blocks, wherein each block is comprised of at least a block header and one or more data values, wherein the one or more data values included in a most recent block includes at least one data point associated with services or functions of at least a first service node; receiving, by a receiving device of the processing server, a request from a second service node for the list of services or functions of the at least a first service node within the blockchain network; and validating, by the processing server, the request from the second service node for the list of services or functions of the at least a first service node within the blockchain network.

Abstract: A method for facilitating secure private transfers in a blockchain includes: receiving an initiate message from a device for a proposed private transfer including a private group identifier, entity identifier, and transfer amount; executing a smart contract using the initiate message as input resulting in transmitting an event message to a central authority system including the entity identifier and transfer amount; receiving a response message from the central authority system including an indication of approval or rejection of the proposed private transfer; and executing the smart contract using the response message as input resulting in (i) adding a private blockchain transaction for transfer of the transfer amount from a first blockchain wallet associated with the entity identifier to a second blockchain wallet in a private group associated with the private group identifier if the response message includes an indication of approval, or (ii) declining the proposed private transfer.

Abstract: A method for assisting wallet providers in regulatory compliance for blockchain transactions includes: receiving, by a receiver of a processing server, a new blockchain transaction from a first computing device, the new blockchain including at least a destination address associated with a blockchain wallet as a recipient for the new blockchain transaction; generating, by a processor of the processing server, a reference identifier for the new blockchain transaction; identifying, by the processor of the processing server, a profile for the blockchain wallet based on the destination address; transmitting, by a transmitter of the processing server, the reference identifier to the first computing device; and transmitting, by the transmitter of the processing server, a notification message to a second computing device, the notification message including at least the reference identifier and data associated with the blockchain wallet.

Abstract: A method for private management of digital assets for multiple participants of a global blockchain includes: receiving, by a receiver of a processing server, a transaction notification for a proposed currency transfer, the transaction notification including at least a sending identifier, a recipient identifier, and a transfer amount; generating, by a processor of the processing server, a transaction data value for the proposed currency transfer, the transaction data value including at least the sending identifier, the recipient identifier, and the transfer amount; applying, by the processor of the processing server, a cryptographic hashing function to the generated transaction data value to generate a hash value; publishing, by the processor of the processing server, the generated transaction data value to a private blockchain; and publishing, by the processor of the processing server, the generated hash value to a public or permissioned blockchain.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed to audit smart contracts. The method includes: publishing, with a processing server, a smart contract bytecode with metadata on a blockchain; retrieving, with the processing server, the published smart contract bytecode with metadata from the blockchain; extracting, with the processing server, the smart contract bytecode from the published smart contract bytecode; and verifying the smart contract bytecode by comparing a computed hash of a high-level source code of the published smart contract bytecode with the metadata retrieved from the blockchain.

Abstract: A method for maintaining a consistent blockchain ledger for storing commitments across multiple separate blockchains includes: storing a blockchain comprised of a plurality of blocks, each block including at least a block header and one or more blockchain data values; receiving a base commitment from a first node, where the first node is included in a first blockchain network; generating a first new block including at least a first block header and the received base commitment; storing the first new block in the blockchain; receiving a state commitment from an additional node included in each of at least two additional blockchain networks; generating an additional new block including at least an additional block header and each received state commitment; and storing the additional new block in the blockchain.