Abstract: The disclosure recognizes that the quantity −½ mv2 of kinetic energy representing Newton's 3rd law “equal and opposite reaction” not Einstein's E=mc2 “rest energy” which completely obscures such energy truly represents available decay energy. A simple example of a device utilizing this kinetic energy as found in nature is provided to demonstrate this distinction, and a mathematical explanation is given of the new way to approach the energy problem.

Abstract: The device of the present invention is an automated version of an attachment for a ball element type typewriter intended to permit rapid automatic or semi-automatic switching among a plurality of ball elements. While the invention has utility in any instance where the need arises for switching rapidly and frequently among a number of ball elements, it is particularly useful in systems as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,088,217 for utilization of a standard typewriter to type Chinese or Japanese.

Abstract: The device of the present invention is intended to be attached to a ball-element type typewriter to permit rapid switching among a plurality of ball elements. While the invention has utility in any instance where the need arises for switching rapidly and frequently among a number of ball elements, it is particularly useful in systems as described for utilization of a standard typewriter for typing Chinese or Japanese.