Abstract: A composition and method is described for making wood and other porous articles water repellant. The composition is an aqueous acidic solution or an aqueous acidic emulsion of a polymeric ingredient and an aluminum halohydrate, preferably aluminum chlorohydrate which is dissolved in the solution or emulsion. The polymers which are useful in this invention are glyoxal-urea polymers and self-crosslinking acrylic polymers. The polymers are chemically reactive with the cellulose or other components in the wood under acidic conditions upon drying. Preferably, the composition avoids the presence of toxic chromium compounds and salts which can interfere with the effectiveness of the composition. The composition offers enhanced water repellency and resists leaching due to the combination of the resin with the aluminum halohydrate.

Abstract: A water borne wood stain resistant to pigment settling prior to use. A preferred formulation contains the following components in approximate parts by weight:______________________________________ Component Amount ______________________________________ Film forming resin 5-8 Pigment 5-15 Water thickener 0.5-2 Water 89.

Abstract: A method for treating wood to enhance its properties comprising: contacting the wood to be treated with sufficient water dilutable resin formed from one or more vinyl monomers in a solvent consisting essentially of water to deposit an effective amount of said resin in the cell walls of said wood, said resin containing molecules of a size which can enter the free space in said cell walls in the presence of said solvent and having a minimum film forming temperature not greater than ambient, and converting the resin in said cell walls to a water insoluble form at ambient conditions. The treatment provides wood of improved dimensional stability and resistance to checking on exposure to water. Further improvements in the wood properties can be obtained by depositing additives such as water soluble preservatives or fire retardants in the cell walls of the wood and fixing the additives therein with the insolublized resin.

Abstract: A method for treating wood to enhance its properties comprising: contacting the wood to be treated with sufficient water dilutable resin in a water miscible solvent and water to deposit said resin in the cell walls of the wood fibers, said resin containing molecules of a size which can enter the free space in said cell walls, and converting the resin in said cell walls to a water insoluble form. The treatment provides wood of improved dimensional stability and resistance to checking on exposure to water. Further improvements in the wood properties can be obtained by depositing additives such as preservatives or fire retardants in the cell walls of the wood and fixing the additives therein with the insolubilized resin.

Abstract: An improved aerosol paint formulation which can be cleaned up with water, comprising a water soluble film forming resin in a solvent system of water soluble solvent and water insoluble solvent. The solvent system contains a relatively large proportion of water insoluble solvent for economy and fire safety.

Abstract: Thermosetting water-immiscible phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least one mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate. Methods of control of the exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol are described.

Abstract: Duration of the initial interval when a clear varnish can be recoated without wrinkling can be changed, the varnish being a water dilutable alkyd resin formulation in a water-organic polar solvent system. The recoating interval is changed by changing the weight ratio of water to organic polar solvent in the solvent system, with increases in the weight ratio of water to organic polar solvent causing increases in the duration of the interval and decreases in the weight ratio providing decreases therein. Compositions utilizing the above method having increased duration of the initial recoating interval are described.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.

Abstract: Rigid shaped articles are formed by providing a novel thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin having a characteristic structure and infra-red spectrum as a coating over the surfaces of a plurality of individual elements, forming the coated elements into a shape and thermosetting the resin of the coating.

Abstract: Stable aqueous emulsions are described which are free from conventional emulsifiers and protective colloids and contains as the dispersed phase uniformly-sized particles of a copolymer of at least 75% by weight of acrylate monomer(s) or a mixture of acrylate monomer(s) and a vinyl monomer, optionally together with up to 10% by weight of the acrylate monomer(s) or the mixture, of a copolymerizable monomer having at least one functional group or reactive site, and up to 25% by weight of a monoester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. The emulsions are formed by copolymerizing the monomers in an aqueous medium which is free from conventional additives including buffers, emulsifiers, stabilizing colloids and chain terminating compounds. The emulsions are particularly useful in formulating water-based air-drying high gloss paints.

Abstract: A rapidly curable phenol-formaldehyde resin is provided in the form of an emulsion which has particular utility in panel board production, particularly waferboard production.

Abstract: Thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins having novel structures and properties are described. In one embodiment, there is provided a novel thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin having benzyl ether linkages ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl group and characterized by its infra-red spectrum which exhibits absorption at wave numbers of about 1010 cm.sup.-1, 1060 cm.sup.-1 and 1230 cm.sup.-1. The infra-red spectrum has a particular ratio of absorbance at 1010 cm.sup.-1, measured from a base line drawn between wave numbers of 1030 cm.sup.-1 and 950 cm.sup.-1, to that at 1230 cm.sup.-1, measured from a base line drawn between wave numbers of 1130 cm.sup.-1 and 1310 cm.sup.-1 which is less than about 0.1. These novel resins are prepared by the controlled addition of strong acids to thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins having the benzyl ether linkages and an infra-red spectrum exhibiting large adsorption at wave numbers of 1230 cm.sup.-1, 1060 cm.sup.-1 and 1010 cm.sup.

Abstract: A novel thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin having a preponderance of benzyl ether linkages is characterized by its infra-red spectrum which exhibits absorption at wave numbers of about 1010 cm.sup.-.sup.1, 1050 cm.sup.-.sup.1 and 1230 cm.sup.-.sup.1. The infrared spectrum has a particular ratio of absorbance at 1010 cm.sup.-.sup.1, measured from a base line drawn between wave members of 1030 cm.sup.-.sup.1 and 950 cm.sup.-.sup.1, to that at 1230 cm.sup.-.sup.1, measured from a base line drawn between wave numbers of 1130 cm.sup.-.sup.1 and 1310 cm.sup.-.sup.1 which is less than about 0.1. These novel resins are prepared by the controlled addition of strong acids to thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins having a preponderance of benzyl ether linkages and an infrared spectrum exhibiting large adsorption at wave numbers of 1230 cm.sup.-.sup.1, 1050 cm.sup.-.sup.1 and 1010 cm.sup.-.sup.1, causing a decrease of at least 35% in the ratio of absorbance at 1010 cm.sup.-.sup.

Abstract: A rapidly curable phenol-formaldehyde resin is provided in the form of an emulsion which has particular utility in panel board production, particularly waferboard production.