Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator may include a first electrode arrangement. The spatial light modulator may also include a second electrode arrangement. The spatial light modulator may additionally include a liquid crystal (LC) layer between the first electrode arrangement and the second electrode arrangement. The spatial light modulator may also include one or more nanoantennas in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The first electrode arrangement and the second electrode arrangement may be each configured to allow at least a portion of light to pass through.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator and a method for forming the spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator may include a first reflector. The spatial light modulator may also include a second reflector. The spatial light modulator may further include a liquid crystal layer between the first reflector and the second reflector. The first reflector may include a first electrode. The second reflector may include a second electrode. At least one reflector selected from the first reflector and the second reflector may be or may include a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The first reflector and the second reflector may form a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a device for controlling an electromagnetic wave according to various embodiments. The device may include a medium. The device may further include an array of elements in contact with the medium and may be configured to receive the electromagnetic wave. Each element of the array of elements may include a phase change material configured to switch from, at least, a first state to a second state in response to an external input, thereby changing an optical property of the respective element to control the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator may include a first electrode arrangement. The spatial light modulator may also include a second electrode arrangement. The spatial light modulator may additionally include a liquid crystal (LC) layer between the first electrode arrangement and the second electrode arrangement. The spatial light modulator may also include one or more nanoantennas in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The first electrode arrangement and the second electrode arrangement may be each configured to allow at least a portion of light to pass through.

Abstract: There is provided a diffractive optical element including a substrate, and an array of optical nanoantennas arranged on the substrate, the array of optical nanoantennas being spaced apart periodically in a lateral direction for supporting a plurality of diffraction orders at a predetermined wavelength. In particular, each optical nanoantenna in the array of optical nanoantennas is configured to control distribution of electromagnetic energy from an incident light having the predetermined wavelength amongst the plurality of diffraction orders so as to promote scattering of the electromagnetic energy in at least a first direction and suppress scattering of the electromagnetic energy in at least a second direction, the first direction and the second direction corresponding to a first diffraction order and a second diffraction order of the plurality of diffraction orders, respectively.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a device for controlling an electromagnetic wave according to various embodiments. The device may include a medium. The device may further include an array of elements in contact with the medium and may be configured to receive the electromagnetic wave. Each element of the array of elements may include a phase change material configured to switch from, at least, a first state to a second state in response to an external input, thereby changing an optical property of the respective element to control the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a polarization device for polarizing electromagnetic waves. The polarization device may include a stacked arrangement including a medium and an anti-reflection coating in contact with the medium. The polarization device may also include a periodic array of polarization elements in contact with the medium. The polarization device may be configured to, based on an electric response and a magnetic response of the periodic array of the polarization elements, transmit first polarized electromagnetic waves having a first polarization and reflect second polarized electromagnetic waves having a second polarization upon receiving the electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a device for controlling an electromagnetic wave. The device may include a first electrode layer. The device may also include a second electrode layer. The device may further include a matrix layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The matrix layer may include a liquid crystal layer. The matrix layer may also include at least one resonator element in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer may be configured to switch from, at least, a first state to a second state in response to a voltage applied between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thereby changing an optical property of the matrix layer to control the electromagnetic wave received by the matrix layer.

Abstract: There is provided a diffractive optical element including a substrate, and an array of optical nanoantennas arranged on the substrate, the array of optical nanoantennas being spaced apart periodically in a lateral direction for supporting a plurality of diffraction orders at a predetermined wavelength. In particular, each optical nanoantenna in the array of optical nanoantennas is configured to control distribution of electromagnetic energy from an incident light having the predetermined wavelength amongst the plurality of diffraction orders so as to promote scattering of the electromagnetic energy in at least a first direction and suppress scattering of the electromagnetic energy in at least a second direction, the first direction and the second direction corresponding to a first diffraction order and a second diffraction order of the plurality of diffraction orders, respectively.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a device for controlling an electromagnetic wave. The device may include a first electrode layer. The device may also include a second electrode layer. The device may further include a matrix layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The matrix layer may include a liquid crystal layer. The matrix layer may also include at least one resonator element in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer may be configured to switch from, at least, a first state to a second state in response to a voltage applied between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thereby changing an optical property of the matrix layer to control the electromagnetic wave received by the matrix layer.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a polarization device for polarizing electromagnetic waves. The polarization device may include a stacked arrangement including a medium and an anti-reflection coating in contact with the medium. The polarization device may also include a periodic array of polarization elements in contact with the medium. The polarization device may be configured to, based on an electric response and a magnetic response of the periodic array of the polarization elements, transmit first polarized electromagnetic waves having a first polarization and reflect second polarized electromagnetic waves having a second polarization upon receiving the electromagnetic waves.