Abstract: Approaches for idle mode operations for wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) with zero-energy (ZE) receivers are disclosed herein. A WTRU operating in idle mode, may receive using the main transceiver over a Uu interface, an energy harvesting (EH) configuration for use over a ZE air interface. The main transceiver may be turned off, and the ZE receiver as part of a ZE idle mode operation, may detect, over the ZE air interface, and harvest energy from ZE reference signals. The WTRU may calculate an amount of energy harvested from the ZE reference signals over a first time period. The WTRU may calculate a ZE idle mode operation energy consumption over the first time period. On a condition that the ZE idle mode operation energy consumption is greater than the harvested energy, the main transceiver may be turned on and the WTRU may enter a Uu interface idle mode operation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling proximity services to be delivered as part of an application service and/or for providing tailored services and/or a differential quality of service (QoS) to a flow may be disclosed. For example, a temporary service name between an application and a server such as a D2D server may be established such that a UE and/or network may execute such a service at a later time without later involvement by the application and/or without exchanging credentials for the application with the network and vice versa.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for millimeter wave (mmW) beam acquisition are disclosed. An apparatus may include a processor and a transceiver configured to receive a plurality of signals. The plurality of signals may be swept over time using a respective plurality of beams, and each signal of the plurality of signals may include a sequence based on an index of a respective one of the plurality of beams. The processor and the transceiver may take a measurement of a first signal of the plurality of signals. The transceiver may transmit a measurement report including the measurement of the first signal of the plurality of signals and the index of a respective one of the plurality of beams.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to perform wireless communications in higher frequency bands (e.g., above 6 GHz) using a fallback scheme is provided. The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, in a time transmission interval (TTI), at least one control signal and a first data signal using a first beam associated with a first beam identifier (ID) and a second data signal, subsequent to the first data signal, using a second beam associated with a second beam ID different from the first beam ID, such that one of the at least one control signal indicates the second beam ID; and a processor configured to switch a receive beam of the receiver from the first beam to the second beam based on the second beam ID to receive the second data signal.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives first timing advances and first power control commands from a first eNodeB and second timing advances and second power control commands from a second eNodeB and transmits, to the first eNodeB, a first physical uplink control channel using a first uplink component carrier. The first physical uplink control channel has a first timing adjusted by the first timing advances but not by the second timing advances and a first power level adjusted by the first power control commands but not by the second power control commands. The WTRU transmits a second physical uplink control channel using a second uplink component carrier. The second physical uplink control channel has a second timing adjusted by the second timing advances but not by the first timing advances and a second power level adjusted by the second power control commands but not by the first power control commands.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed. In one representative embodiment, a method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for communication via a network access point (NAP). The method may include the WTRU receiving from the NAP a set of preambles and corresponding propagation delay related thresholds and determining propagation delay related information associated with a distance between the WTRU and the NAP or a location in a coverage of the NAP. The method may further include selecting a subset of preambles from the set of preambles based on the determined propagation delay related information, randomly selecting a preamble from the selected subset of preambles, and sending the randomly selected preamble to the NAP.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for power control for aerial wireless transmit receive units (WTRUs). Power control may be open loop and may be managed based on altitude. Open loop power control may be based partly on path loss estimation from neighboring cells and may be coordinated among interfering neighboring eNBs using path loss information. Dynamic power control may be driven by the WTRU. Reference signal transmissions by an eNB may use uplink resources for path loss estimation, and interference estimation may be based on uplink reference signals. Path loss estimation may be based on downlink reference signals. Dynamic blanking may be provided for Cell-specific Reference Signals (CRS), and random access (e.g. RACH) may be provided for aerial WTRUs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for active interference management. Active interference management may be provided for designated data regions and/or superzones. UAV-specific or other designated data regions (e.g., with data zones) may enable dynamic inter-cell interference management and high reliability command & control for UAVs in interference prone in environments. Data zone/region specific control channel search space may support inter-cell interference cancellation. Aggregation N levels (e.g., during EPDCCH encoding) may be dependent on an interference level of a zone. Data zone specific reference signals (DS-RS) may enable UAVs connected to neighboring cells to estimate an interference channel per zone. Interference management may be provided during semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) transmissions. Reliability of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be enhanced (EPDCCH), e.g., with interference assistance signaling.

Abstract: Wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The WTRUs/UAVs may cooperate to exchange channel busy ratio (CBR) and/or CBR statistics of one or more (e.g., all) the carriers that the WTRUs/UAVs monitors with each other for carrier selection/carrier reselection. A network may provide one or more inputs on carrier selection. For example, a network may provide one or more inputs on carrier selection based on the congestion that the network infers (e.g., through the CBR measurements reported by the WTRUs/UAVs and/or through its own measurements). MAC/PHY layers may be configured to perform transmit adaptation during PDCP packet duplication. For example, the carrier aggregation capability of receivers may be considered to adapt the number of transmissions per carrier. Based on the carrier aggregation capability of the receivers, the number of transmissions at one or more (e.g., every) carriers may be optimized jointly across carriers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for millimeter wave (mmW) beam acquisition are disclosed. An apparatus may include a processor and a transceiver configured to receive configuration information from a first network node using a first radio access technology (RAT). The configuration information may include an index associated with a beam of a second network node and timing information corresponding to the first RAT. The second network node may use a second RAT. The apparatus may be further configured to transmit a measurement report to the first network node that includes a measurement of the beam and index associated with the beam of the second network node.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to receive a configuration defining a dedicated radio resource assignment for a travel path, wherein the dedicated radio resource assignment comprises dedicated resources assigned to the WTRU in a plurality of cells and specifies a time interval when the resources will be dedicated to the WTRU in each of the plurality of cells; determine a first time has been reached and utilize dedicated resources in a first cell based on reaching the first time; and determine a second time has been reached and utilize dedicated resources in a second cell based on reaching the second time.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein that facilitate mesh network communication by a millimeter wave base stations (mBs) or WTRUs as nodes of a directional mesh network with other nodes of the directional mesh network. The mB or WTRU may include a directional antenna configured to transmit and receive signals in specific directions during the mesh network communication to define a directional mesh network. The mBs or WTRUs may transmit transmission request messages to neighbor nodes, wherein the transmission request messages include transmission slot allocation bitmaps and channel quality indicator information (CQI). Then response messages from the neighbor nodes may be received, wherein the response messages include receive slot allocation bitmaps and resource allocation decisions. The mBs or WTRUs may then update their transmission slot allocation bitmaps based on the received response messages and transmit data packets in specific directions based on the updated transmission slot allocation bitmap.

Abstract: Latency reduction by fast forward (FF) in multi-hop communication device and/or systems is disclosed. Packets may be received and forwarded using a codeword (CW)-based approach with and/or without per-CW CRC. A FF session may have a flow ID and packets may have sequence numbers. Packets targeted for FF may be divided into independently decodable CWs that may be transmitted in the next hop, for example, as soon as the destination is determined without waiting for an entire packet's arrival and/or for CRC verification. Low latency (e.g. FF) traffic may be indicated. CW-based FF may be extensible for an e2e RAN path from a WTRU to the last access node in a RAN. Intermediate metrics, a packet CRC and/or a per-CW CRC may be utilized for data integrity. HARQ and/or CW retransmission procedures may be implemented between network nodes for error handling.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for providing Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) techniques for a non-terrestrial network. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may transmit, to a satellite base station (BS), uplink (UL) feedback that includes configuration information for redundancy versions (RVs) and cross redundancy versions (cRVs). The WTRU may receive one or more first RVs associated with a first transport block (TB). The WTRU may receive one or more second RVs associated with a second TB and at least one cross redundancy version (cRV) associated with the first TB and second TB. The cRV may include parity bits generated from both the first TB and second TB. If at least one of the first TB or the second TB is unsuccessfully decoded, the WTRU may decode the first TB and second TB jointly based on the at least one cRV.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may detect a risk of collision with one or more objects in an airspace serviced by a mobile edge computing (MEC) node. The MEC node may provide an edge detect and avoid (edge-DAA) function for use in the airspace. The UAV may determine a first resolution advisory (RA) to be acted on in order to avoid the collision with the one or more objects based on a local DAA function within the UAV. The UAV may receive, from the MEC node, a second RA to be acted on in order to avoid the collision with the one or more objects based on the edge-DAA function. If the second RA can be acted onto avoid the collision with the one or more objects, the UAV may act on the second RA and may send a message to the MEC node with an acknowledgement.

Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for addressing timing advance (TA) in non-terrestrial network communication is disclosed herein. A wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) may receive system information from a base station attached to an airborne or spaceborne vehicle that indicates a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource. The WTRU may determine a timing offset based on a plurality of information, such as the location information and the system information. The WTRU may transmit a preamble using the timing offset via the PRACH resource. The base station may receive the preamble and send a random access response (RAR) that includes, for example, a TA command. The WTRU may receive the RAR including the TA command and combine the timing offset with the TA command to determine an actual TA, after which the WTRU may use the actual TA for uplink transmissions.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a millimeter WTRU (mWTRU)) may receive a first control channel using a first antenna pattern. The WTRU may receive a second control channel using a second antenna pattern. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the first control channel. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the second control channel. The WTRU may determine, using at least one of: the decoded first control channel or the second control channel, beam scheduling information associated with the WTRU and whether the WTRU is scheduled for an mmW segment. The WTRU may form a receive beam using the determined beam scheduling information. The WTRU receive the second control channel using the receive beam. The WTRU determine, by demodulating and decoding the second control channel, dynamic per-TTI scheduling information related to a data channel associated with the second control channel.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive from a network resource allocation information for device to device (D2D) communication. The WTRU may select, from the received resource allocation information for a transmission time interval (TTI), resources for a D2D channel. The WTRU may transmit, with use of the selected resources, data directly to another WTRU.

Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.