Abstract: A system configured to output an indication of engagement with a device. The system includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. The memory is configured to store instructions. The at least one processor is configured to execute the instructions to cause the system to monitor usage of the device, determine the indication of engagement with the device based on the usage of the device, and output the indication of engagement with the device.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and system related to providing service-based interfaces between network functions and a proxy call session control function for Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem services. In one example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes retrieving, by a proxy call session control function, an address of an access and mobility management function from a unified data management function. The proxy call session control function is configured to communicate with the unified data management function directly via a first service-based interface. The method also includes retrieving, by the proxy call session control function, information from the access and mobility management function. The proxy call session control function is configured to communicate with the access and mobility management function directly via a second service-based interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes techniques that facilitate the encryption of data communications between a home and VPLMN, along with the verification of a content and origin of encrypted messages at each end of a data communication. In one non-limiting example, the process of verifying the content and origin of an encrypted message is facilitated partly by an exchange of network public keys between the HPLMN and VPLMNs. In another example, a network certificate aggregator (NCA) may act as a certificate authority (CA) by verifying the identities of interacting home and VPLMNs. The NCA may facilitate and exchange public keys between a home and VPLMN, whereby the HPLMN and VPLMNs need only trust and verify an identity of the NCA. Alternatively, the NCA may act as a conduit for data communications between the HPLMN and VPLMN.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method to route a call from a roaming UE on a 5G network. The system receives from a UE belonging to a home network an indication of a call to a dialed number. The call requires information associated with the UE that is not available to the first wireless telecommunication network, because the UE is roaming on a visitor network. The indication of the call includes a unique identifier of the visitor network. The system can determine based on the unique identifier that the UE is roaming and send a request to the visitor network to provide instructions on how to route the received call. Upon obtaining the instructions on how to route the received call, the system routes the received call.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method to route a call from a roaming UE on a 5G network. The system receives from a UE belonging to a home network an indication of a call to a dialed number. The call requires information associated with the UE that is not available to the first wireless telecommunication network, because the UE is roaming on a visitor network. The indication of the call includes a unique identifier of the visitor network. The system can determine based on the unique identifier that the UE is roaming and send a request to the visitor network to provide instructions on how to route the received call. Upon obtaining the instructions on how to route the received call, the system routes the received call.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and system related to consistent and reliable local breakout for roaming devices are disclosed. In one example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes transmitting, by a user equipment that roams into a visited network, a request to a network node in the visited network to establish a connection using a first access technology. The method includes receiving, by the terminal device, a response from the network node. The response comprises an address of a gateway in the visited network. The gateway is configured to provide a secured tunnel to the terminal device for data transmissions using a second access technology. The method also includes initiating, by the terminal device, a connection with the gateway using the second access technology based on the address of the gateway, and performing, by the terminal device, data transmissions using the second access technology via the gateway in the visited network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method to route a call from a roaming UE on a 5G network. The system receives from a UE belonging to a home network an indication of a call to a dialed number. The call requires information associated with the UE that is not available to the first wireless telecommunication network, because the UE is roaming on a visitor network. The indication of the call includes a unique identifier of the visitor network. The system can determine based on the unique identifier that the UE is roaming and send a request to the visitor network to provide instructions on how to route the received call. Upon obtaining the instructions on how to route the received call, the system routes the received call.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method to route a call from a roaming UE on a 5G network. The system receives from a UE belonging to a home network an indication of a call to a dialed number. The call requires information associated with the UE that is not available to the first wireless telecommunication network, because the UE is roaming on a visitor network. The indication of the call includes a unique identifier of the visitor network. The system can determine based on the unique identifier that the UE is roaming and send a request to the visitor network to provide instructions on how to route the received call. Upon obtaining the instructions on how to route the received call, the system routes the received call.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes techniques that facilitate the encryption of data communications between a home and VPLMN, along with the verification of a content and origin of encrypted messages at each end of a data communication. In one non-limiting example, the process of verifying the content and origin of an encrypted message is facilitated partly by an exchange of network public keys between the HPLMN and VPLMNs. In another example, a network certificate aggregator (NCA) may act as a certificate authority (CA) by verifying the identities of interacting home and VPLMNs. The NCA may facilitate and exchange public keys between a home and VPLMN, whereby the HPLMN and VPLMNs need only trust and verify an identity of the NCA. Alternatively, the NCA may act as a conduit for data communications between the HPLMN and VPLMN.

Abstract: An optical network is provided which comprises a plurality of optical network units (19) and optical source means (3) connected and arranged to transmit light signals to each of the plurality of optical network units (19). The optical source means (3) are capable of transmitting light signals at one or more of a plurality of different wavelengths and at least one optical network unit (19) is operable to accept more than one of the said wavelengths. Further, each wavelength of the plurality is accepted by at least one of the optical network units (19) such that each such wavelength is accepted by a different subset of optical network units (19). The optical network further comprises control means (18) operable to cause the optical source means (3) to transmit light signals at one or more selected such wavelengths corresponding to respective desired subsets of the optical network units (19).

Abstract: In general, the purpose of the probe system is to provide improved rapid field methods using re-designed direct push technology (DPT) and “push-pull testing” concepts to evaluate in situ chemical, biochemical, surfactant, adsorptive media, and leaching and fixation remediation technologies for hazardous subsurface contaminant(s). The probe system and methods described here when applied to a hazardous waste site being considered for in situ remediation of contaminants (organic or inorganic) by the listed treatment technologies will yield information that greatly reduces the uncertainty with regards to treatment effectiveness for the in situ soil, groundwater, and contaminant(s) conditions affecting dosage requirements and reaction rate(s) for various reactants.

Abstract: An optical line termination (OLT) device (12) generates a plurality of optical signals having different respective wavelengths (&lgr;1, &lgr;2), each optical signal carrying data, and wavelength-division-multiplexes the optical signals. A plurality of optical network units (ONUs 141-145) are connected to the OLT device (12) by way of a passive optical network (6) so as to receive the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals. Each ONU (14) has a wavelength selection unit operable in dependence upon control information sent from the OLT (12) to the ONU (14) concerned by way of the passive optical network (6) to select one of the optical signals of the plurality, and also has a detector for processing the selected optical signal to derive therefrom the data carried thereby.