Abstract: A substrate assembly includes a first substrate having a first surface and an oppositely facing second surface. Signal pathways are provided on the first surface. The signal pathways extend to first openings which extend inward from an edge of the substrate. First ground pathways are provided on the first surface. Each of the first ground pathways are positioned adjacent at least one of the signal pathways. The first ground pathways extend to second openings which extend inward from the edge of the substrate. Signal contacts are mounted to the first substrate. The signal contacts have first mounting surfaces which provide mechanical and electrical engagement with the first openings. Ground contacts are mounted to the first substrate. The ground contacts have second mounting surfaces which provide mechanical and electrical engagement with the second openings.

Abstract: A catheter includes a shaft formed of a first material, the shaft including a shaft lumen extending therethrough from a proximal opening to a distal end of the shaft and an abutting member coupled to the distal end of the shaft, the abutting member being formed of a second material stiffer than the first material and forming an abutting surface at least partially covering a distal end of the shaft lumen in combination with a distal tip coupled to the abutting member, the distal tip including a tip lumen extending therethrough to a distal opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dynamic spectral equaliser comprising: means of demultiplexing an incident beam with at least two multiplexed wavelengths, comprising at least one first dispersive optical element, so as to form a spatial multiplex of the said at least two wavelengths; means of attenuating the spectral power associated with at least one wavelength of the said spatial multiplex, comprising at least one programmable semi-transparent holographic mirror, so as to form an equalised spatial multiplex; means of multiplexing the said equalised spatial multiplex, comprising at least one second dispersive optical element, so as to form an equalised beam with at least two multiplexed wavelengths.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for spatial modulation of a light beam, comprising a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) element, the said element comprising at least two areas that can be addressed independently of each other using a system with at least two electrodes.