Abstract: Method and apparatus for the thermionic ionization detection of one or more particular constituent components of a sample that is present in a fluid mixture flow provided to a thermionic source. Radiant energy is directed from a radiant energy source to the thermionic source. The radiant energy is sufficient to effect an elevated temperature in the thermionic source. The heated thermionic source causes ionization of the constituent components by means of an ionization process in which electrical charge is transferred from the thermionic source and converted into gas phase ion species.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for connecting first and second conduits, which may be capillary columns, having first and second bores, respectively, to provide communication between the first and second bores for high temperature operation over wide variations in temperature. A monolithic fused quartz seating element is removably insertable into a seating chamber of a base that may be comprised of steel or other metal. The monolithic fused quartz seating element may be cylindrical and have frustoconical surfaces defining first and second receiving formations. First and second slidable followers biased by first and second quartz springs apply pressure against first and second ferrules to seal between the first and second receiving formations, and the first and second conduits, respectively.

Abstract: A gas trap apparatus is disclosed for trapping gaseous fraction of mixtures. The apparatus includes a gas column chamber into which a tubular column, such as a capillary tube, may extend. A cooling chamber is provided into which a coolant may be introduced for solidifying or liquefying a gas sample. A heating element in surrounding relationship to the cooling chamber is used for vaporizing the solidified/liquified gas. A Dewar flask surrounds the gas trap apparatus to prevent thermal leakage to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for connecting first and second conduits having first and second bores, respectively to provide communication between the first and second bores which may be used with temperatures and/or wide variations in temperature. While a biasing element is used to provide a sealing ferrule with sufficient force to seal the second conduit, a ferrule forming screw may be used to form an initial seal if a conduit is used that is undersize with respect to the ferrule. A quick-lock adaptor is also attached to the base of the connector which adapts the connector for use with standard tubing fittings.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting first and second conduits having first and second bores, respectively, to provide communication between the first and second bores. The apparatus includes a base attached to the first conduit and a cap attached to the base. A follower is slidably disposed in the cap and is provided with a passageway, the second conduit extending through the passageway. A ferrule is received on the second conduit, the ferrule having a first end and a second end. The follower is biased against the first end of the ferrule. The first bore in the first conduit has a frustoconical surface which defines a receiving formation for the ferrule, the ferrule having a portion which is circular when viewed in transverse cross section. When the second end of the ferrule is urged in the receiving formation by the action of the biasing spring, the ferrule engages the frustoconical surface defining the receiving formation in substantially line contact.

Abstract: An assembly of nonreactive material receives a sample of material to be analyzed which is then placed in an environmentally controlled pyrolysis chamber. As the sample is selectively heated, an inert carrier gas is admitted to the chamber to wash the gases from the sample through trap and splitter assemblies where a portion of the sample gas is tapped off by a capillary column. The temperature of the gas in the capillary column is controlled as known makeup gases are added prior to passing through a detector, such as a flame ionization detector, to determine the components of the sample gas. The capillary tube can also be coated with an apolar liquid phase separation material.

Abstract: A pyrolysis apparatus useful in analyzing complex chemical substances including a pyrolysis chamber formed in a tubular member of fused quartz, the apparatus having a mixing chamber formed from a fused quartz material wherein pyrolysis components from a sample to be analyzed are mixed with hydrogen prior to being subjected to detection in an analyzer such as a flame ionization detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for transferring wafers between a process carrier and a furnace carrier. The apparatus lifts a plurality of wafers from one carrier and deposits them into another carrier without damage to the wafers or touching any more than the edge surfaces and adjacent areas of the wafers.

Abstract: This patent discloses a transfer system for transferring discs from a furnace boat to a cleaning carrier in which alternate discs are transferred from the boat to a carrier and then the remainder of the discs are transferred to a carrier.