Abstract: Systems and methods for Energy Storage-based Packetized Delivery of Electricity (ES-PDE) are disclosed that are radically different from the operation of today's grid. Using ES-PDE, the loads are powered by the energy storage systems (ESS) the majority of the time and only receive packets of electricity periodically to charge the ESSs. Therefore, the grid operators can schedule the delivery of electricity packets to utilize the existing grid infrastructure. Since the customers are powered by the co-located ESSs they are not impacted by the grid operation in short term. Therefore, when grid outages occur, the customers still have power for some time, giving the grid more time to be fully restored.

Abstract: A variable capacity binary refrigerant refrigeration apparatus providing improved energy usage efficiency in an operation of a dual evaporator system. One evaporator is used for refrigerating an above-freezing fresh food zone and the other evaporator is used for refrigerating a below-freezing freezer zone. The fluid system includes a rectifier, a separator, and an auxiliary condenser, together with suitable valves for controlling the operation of the apparatus. The system further utilizes control of the cold air circulating fans in effecting the desired improved operation.

Abstract: A rotary cutter head of a mineral mining machine has a sensor to detect the cutting horizon of the cutter head relative to a boundary of a mineral seam and to derive a signal indicative of changes in the cutting horizon. The derived signal is fed to a radio transmitter on the cutter head which transmits a representative signal.