Abstract: The embodiments generally relate to a high performance ceramic anode which will increase flexibility in the types of fuels that may be used with the anode. The embodiments further relate to high-performance, direct-oxidation SOFC utilizing the anodes, providing improved electro-catalytic activity and redox stability. The SOFCs are capable of use with strategic fuels and other hydrocarbon fuels. Also provided are methods of making the high-performance anodes and solid oxide fuel cells comprising the anodes exhibiting improved electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity.

Abstract: The embodiments generally relate to porous electrodes for use in solid-state NOx sensors, whereby the electrodes are comprised primarily of ceramic material and electronically conducting material. The electrodes are prepared by impregnating a porous ceramic material with precursors to the electronically conducting material.

Abstract: A method for preparing an electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell, in which a conductive material, such as a metal, is electrodeposited onto a porous electrode comprising a conductive material and an electrolyte. The method allows metals to be added directly to a porous electrode without the need for subsequent reduction steps. The method also permits the conductive materials to be deposited in controlled, layered structures, thereby enabling the use of different metals to achieve desired properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell which comprises a solid electrolyte comprised of an electronic insulator which allows transfer of anions, a ceramic-metal composite anode and, a cathode. The fuel cell also comprises a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon fuel having a sulfur content of from about 1 ppm to about 5000 ppm and an oxygen source. The invention further relates to a process of producing electrical energy with the fuel cell and a process of restoring the operability of a fuel cell that was deactivated by sulfur poisoning. The invention also relates to a method for preparation of a porous cermet as a direct-oxidation anode with supported electrolyte structure for a solid-oxide fuel cell using a nickel cermet. The nickel cermet is leached to remove at least part of the nickel, thereby producing a porous oxide. The resulting porous oxide is then impregnated, preferably with a salt of copper, which is calcined to CuO, then reduced to elemental copper.