Abstract: The invention relates to a laser ablation coating method, where the laser ablation is carried out in a space with 10?3 atmospheres at most. A low vacuum level enables an advantageous industrial production of surfaces without remarkably weakening the quality features of the deposited surfaces. The invention also relates to a method for producing nano particles, so that target material is ablated by pulse laser for generating nano particles in a space with 10?3 atmospheres at most.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser ablation method for coating an object with one or more surfaces, so that the object to be coated, i.e. the substrate, is coated by ablating the target, so that the uniformity of the surface deposited on the object to be coated is ±100 nm. The surface of the coated object is advantageously free of micron size particles, and it is typically a nano technological surface where the size of separate particles is ±25 nm at most. The object also relates to products made by said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to semiconductors, material layers within semiconductors, a production method of semiconductors, and a manufacturing arrangement for producing semiconductors. A semiconductor according to the invention includes at least one layer with a surface, produced by laser ablation, wherein the uniform surface area to be produced includes at least an area 0.2 dm2 and the layer has been produced by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating plastic products including large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated plastic products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as low production temperatures accomplishing the coating of plastic products, high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to solar cells, material layers within solar cells, a production method of solar cells, and a manufacturing arrangement for producing solar cells. A solar cell according to the invention includes at least one layer with a surface, produced by laser ablation, wherein the uniform surface area to be produced includes at least an area 0.2 dm2 and the layer has been produced by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating fiber products including large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated fiber products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, low-temperature coating conditions accomplishing coating of fiber-products excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating metal products including large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated metal products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating articulating surfaces of medical products. The invention also relates to coated medical products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is preferably scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating various products including large surface areas with carbon nitride material. The invention also relates to carbon nitride coated products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for lowering the ablation threshold of a laser-ablated material by having on a surface of the laser-ablated material a structuring which reduces the reflection of a laser beam. The ablation threshold can be further lowered by heating the material as well as by chemically modifying the material or its surface, even slightly. The invention facilitates industrial implementation of machining of a number of various surfaces and materials. The invention also pertains to target materials to be ablated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the determination of the stresses occurring in wood when drying or being dried. With the method in accordance with the invention, electrodes are used to generate an electric field in drying wood in order to measure the electric complex spectrum using the impedance spectroscopy method while at the same time employing sensors k to measure acoustic emissions from drying wood and using the results for calculating the parameters required for determining the stress state existing in the wood and for monitoring and/or controlling the drying process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surface-treatment technique in association with ablation, a surface-treatment apparatus and a turbine scanner. The invention also relates to a method of producing a coating, a radiation transmission line, a copying unit and a printing unit. The invention further relates to an arrangement for adjusting the radiation power of a radiation source in a radiation transmission line and a laser apparatus.

Abstract: A method of providing by a laser beam on a bright metal surface (1) areas discernible from the surrounding surface as darker areas for producing for instance optically readable marks (5) and a metal surface provided in this manner. The procedure for producing marks not weakening the general properties of the metal surface is that the metal surface (1) is exposed to a laser beam pulse, the energy of which is 1 to 10 J/cm.sup.2, preferably 3 to 5 J/cm.sup.2 and the duration 5 ns to 1 .mu.s, preferably 15 to 30 ns; a spot of impact (7) of the laser beam pulse on the metal surface (1) is changed in such a way that a new spot of impact (8) overlaps the earlier spot of impact (7) and the metal surface (1) is exposed to a new laser beam pulse, such that an area (7a) of the metal surface, where the pulses do not overlap each other and which abuts on the spot of impact of the new pulse, gets a color contrasting with the original metal surface (1).