Abstract: The invention relates to a laminar structure (10) providing adaptive thermal insulation, comprising a first layer (22), a second layer (24), at least one cavity (16) provided in between the first layer (22) and the second layer (24), a gas generating agent (18) having an unactivated configuration and an activated configuration, the gas generating agent (18) being adapted to change from the unactivated configuration to the activated configuration, such as to increase a gas pressure inside the cavity (16), in response to an increase in temperature in the cavity (16), the first layer (22), the second layer (24) and the cavity (16) being arranged such that a distance (D) between the first layer (22) and the second layer (24) increases in response to the increase in gas pressure inside the cavity (16).

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminar structure (10) providing adaptive thermal insulation, comprising a first layer (12), a second layer (14), at least one cavity (16) provided in between the first layer (12) and the second layer (14), the cavity (16) being enclosed by a water vapor permeable and at least temporarily gas impermeable envelope (20); a gas generating agent (18) having an unactivated configuration and an activated configuration, the gas generating agent (18) being adapted to change from the unactivated configuration to the activated configuration, such as to increase a gas pressure inside the cavity (16), in response to an increase in temperature in the cavity (16), the first layer (12), the second layer (14) and the cavity (16) being arranged such that a distance (d) between the first layer (12) and the second layer (14) increases in response to the increase in gas pressure inside the cavity (16).

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminar structure (10) providing adaptive thermal insulation, comprising a first layer (26), a second layer (28), at least one outer cavity (22) provided in between the first layer (26) and the second layer (28), at least one inner cavity (16) enclosed by an inner envelope (20), the inner envelope (20) being included in the outer cavity (22), and a gas generating agent (18) having an unactivated configuration and an activated configuration, the gas generating agent (18) being adapted to change from the unactivated configuration to the activated configuration, such as to increase a gas pressure at least inside the inner cavity (16), in response to an increase in temperature in the inner cavity (16), the first layer (26), the second layer (28), the outer cavity (22) and the inner cavity (16) being arranged such that a distance (D) between the first layer (26) and the second layer (28) increases in response to the increase in gas pressure inside the inner cavity (16).

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminar structure (10) providing adaptive thermal insulation, comprising a first layer (12), a second layer (14), at least one cavity (16) provided in between the first layer (12) and the second layer (14), the cavity (16) being enclosed by a water vapor permeable and at least temporarily gas impermeable envelope (20); a gas generating agent (18) having an unactivated configuration and an activated configuration, the gas generating agent (18) being adapted to change from the unactivated configuration to the activated configuration, such as to increase a gas pressure inside the cavity (16), in response to an increase in temperature in the cavity (16), the first layer (12), the second layer (14) and the cavity (16) being arranged such that a distance (d) between the first layer (12) and the second layer (14) increases in response to the increase in gas pressure inside the cavity (16).

Abstract: What is described is a method for producing a thermally shaped substrate coated with a sol-gel coating material, in which the sol-gel coating material comprises one or more hydrolyzable silanes, which may have been hydrolyzed to form a precondensate, and, if desired, a crosslinking agent, at least some of the hydrolyzable silanes containing on a non-hydrolyzable substituent a functional group by way of which crosslinking is possible, and in which A) the sol-gel coating material is applied to a thermally shapable substrate, B) the applied sol-gel coating material is partially precrosslinked and/or dried, C) the substrate coated with the sol-gel coating material is subsequently shaped thermally, and D) during and/or after the thermal shaping the sol-gel coating material is cured completely by means of thermal or photochemical crosslinking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating material comprising condensates of at least one compound (A) of the general formula RaMZb (a=0-3; b=1-4; a+b=3, 4), where R is a non-hydrolyzable organic group, and at least one compound (B) of the general formula R′xMZy(x=1-3; y=1-3; x+y=3, 4), where R is a non-hydrolyzable organic group and at least one R′ contains a perfluoro polyether structure separated from M by at least two atoms, where M is an element from the periodic table of elements selected from the main groups III-V or from the subgroups II-IV and Z is a hydrolyzable organic group, and where at least one R is not equal to at least one R′.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of compounds based on hydrolyzable silanes containing epoxy groups. The process involves adding one of the following substances to a pre-hydrolyzed silicon compound A with at least one hydrolytically non-separable group which includes an epoxy ring: i) a particulate substance B which can be selected from oxides, oxyhydrates, nitrides or carbides of Si, Al and B, and of transition metals, the particle size being 1-100 nm; ii) a surface-active agent, preferably non-ionic; iii) an aromatic polyol with an average molecular weight not exceeding 1000. The compounds obtained through this process can be used to produce coatings and molded bodies with a range of properties, in particular high scratch resistance, lasting hydrophilic characteristics, corrosion resistance, good adhesion and transparency.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preserving paper involving the following steps:(a) a plurality of paper layers in contact with one another at least in regions is simultaneously brought into contact with a preservative fluid containing polycondensates based on one or more hydrolytic polycondensation-capable compounds of elements M of main groups III-V and sub-groups II-IV of the Periodic Table; in said polycondensates, at least one organic group (G) with at least two carbon atoms and for each carbon atom at least one atom selected from hydrogen or fluorine and without polar substituents is bound, either directly via one of the carbon atoms or via a connecting group A, to at least 0.1% of the central atoms M; and(b) the paper thus treated with the preservative fluid is dried and/or hardened.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of compounds based on hydrolyzable silanes containing epoxy groups. The process involves adding one of the following substances to a pre-hydrolyzed silicon compound A with at least one hydrolytically non-separable group which includes an epoxy ring in the presence of an alcoholate of zirconium or aluminum: i) a particulate substance B which can be selected from oxides, oxyhydrates, nitrides or carbides of Si, Al and B, and of transition metals, the particle size being 1-100 nm;ii) a surface-active agent, preferably non-ionic;iii) an aromatic polyol with an average molecular weight not exceeding 1000, the resulting compounds being useful to produce coatings and molded bodies with a range of properties, in particular high scratch resistance, lasting hydrophilic characteristics, corrosion resistance, good adhesion and transparency.

Abstract: A coating composition is disclosed based on polycondensates of hydrolyzable compounds in particular of Si, Al, Ti and/or Zr, whereas at least part of the non-hydrolyzable groups linked to these elements contain in average 2 to 30 fluorine atoms linked to aliphatic carbon atoms. A process for producing such coating compositions is also disclosed. The corresponding cured (transparent) coatings are characterized in particular by a very good adherence to various types of substrates, in particular glass, besides an antiadhesive effect with respect to many different materials.