Abstract: According to an example embodiment, an antenna assembly for a radar apparatus is provided, the antenna assembly comprising: a feed antenna arranged to radiate outbound radio waves that represent a transmitted RF signal supplied thereto and capture a received RF signal that represents inbound radio waves received thereat; and a focusing element arranged to collimate the outbound radio waves into a transmitter beam for transmission towards a monitoring direction and focus inbound radio waves of a receiver beam received at the focusing element from the monitoring direction for reception at the feed antenna, wherein the arrangement of the feed antenna and the focusing element is configured to transmit the transmitter beam as a sequence of substantially concave radio waves and receive the receiver beam as a sequence of substantially convex radio waves.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes first and second feed antennas and a lens element. The first feed antenna is arranged to transmit outbound radio waves of a transmitter beam. The second feed antenna is arranged to capture a received RF signal. The lens element is arranged to collimate the transmitter beam and to focus the receiver beam. The first and second feed antennas are disposed on a conductive ground plane that is offset from a back end of the lens element by a predefined distance in direction of a center axis of the lens element. A volume between the back end of the lens element and the ground plane comprises material that has a refractive index that is smaller than that of the lens element for converging the outbound and inbound RF beams between the back end of the lens element and the first and second feed antennas.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to improving the sensitivity in polarimetric radar data. In particular, embodiments of the invention improve the sensitivity of such systems with improved post processing techniques. The sensitivity can be improved by using the co-polar elements (off diagonal elements) of the covariance matrix in power and/or reflectivity determinations. This can not only improve the sensitivity but may also enhance identification and improve quantitative estimates of precipitation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to improving the sensitivity in polarimetric radar data. In particular, embodiments of the invention improve the sensitivity of such systems with improved post processing techniques. The sensitivity can be improved by using the co-polar elements (off diagonal elements) of the covariance matrix in power and/or reflectivity determinations. This can not only improve the sensitivity but may also enhance identification and improve quantitative estimates of precipitation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for simultaneous transmission of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) channels in a dual polarized weather radar. The goal of the invention is accomplished by placing the receiver, duplexer and polarizer equipment above the azimuth rotary joint but below elevation rotary joints. The elevation rotary joints and other associated signal paths are calibrated by using a low power signal on the radar's operating frequency that is fed into couplers above the elevation rotary joints.

Abstract: This publication discloses an apparatus and method for measuring a gas content. The apparatus includes a light transmitter (1), by means of which coherent light can be sent to the measurement object (3), a receiver (2), by means of which light that has passed through the measurement object (3) can be detected, and optical means (4, 5, 6), by means of which the light intensity of the light transmitter (1) can be aimed at the receiver (2). According to the invention, the optical means include a lens element (4), the optical axis of which is arranged essentially obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the measurement object (3), so that the angles of the normals of the optical boundaries relative to the measuring signal are set obliquely. The lens element (4) is both a refracting and a reflecting element, and separates the measurement object (3) from the means (1, 2, 5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for simultaneous transmission of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) channels in a dual polarized weather radar. The goal of the invention is accomplished by placing the receiver, duplexer and polarizer equipment above the azimuth rotary joint but below elevation rotary joints. The elevation rotary joints and other associated signal paths are calibrated by using a low power signal on the radar's operating frequency that is fed into couplers above the elevation rotary joints.

Abstract: This publication discloses an apparatus and method for measuring a gas content. The apparatus includes a light transmitter (1), by means of which coherent light can be sent to the measurement object (3), a receiver (2), by means of which light that has passed through the measurement object (3) can be detected, and optical means (4, 5, 6), by means of which the light intensity of the light transmitter (1) can be aimed at the receiver (2). According to the invention, the optical means include a lens element (4), the optical axis of which is arranged essentially obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the measurement object (3), so that the angles of the normals of the optical boundaries relative to the measuring signal are set obliquely. The lens element (4) is both a refracting and a reflecting element, and separates the measurement object (3) from the means (1, 2, 5).