Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to determine causal effects are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a weighting engine to calculate a first set of weights corresponding to a first treatment dataset, a second set of weights corresponding to a second treatment dataset, and a third set of weights corresponding to a control dataset, the weighting engine to increase an operational efficiency of the apparatus by calculating the first set of weights, second set of weights, and third set of weights independently, a weighting response engine to calculate a first weighted response for the first treatment dataset, a second weighted response for the second treatment dataset, and determine a causal effect between the first treatment dataset and the second treatment dataset based on a difference between the first weighted response and the second weighted response, and a report generator to transmit a report to an audience measurement entity.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes (i) identifying a plurality of upcoming content-modification opportunities for a content-presentation device, each respective content-modification opportunity corresponding to a respective underlying advertisement that is available for replacement by a respective supplemental advertisement; (ii) using the identified upcoming content-modification opportunities as a basis for determining expected values for a plurality of supplemental advertisements; (iii) selecting a subset of supplemental advertisements from among the plurality of supplemental advertisements based on the subset having expected values above a threshold value; (iv) in advance of the upcoming content-modification opportunities, sending the subset of supplemental advertisements to be locally stored at the content-presentation device; and (v) upon occurrence of one of the content-modification opportunities, causing the content-presentation device to replace one of the respective underlying advertisements with one o

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to assign viewers to media meter data are disclosed. An apparatus includes processor circuitry to execute computer readable instructions to at least: identify a candidate household from a plurality of second households to associate with a first household based on an analysis of a first duration of time first media was presented by a first media presentation device and a second duration of time second media was presented by second media presentation devices; match different ones of first panelists of the first household with matching ones of second panelists of the candidate household; and impute respective portions of the first duration of time to the different ones of the first panelists based on portions of the second duration of time for which the matching ones of the second panelists of the candidate household were exposed to the second media.

Abstract: Example apparatus disclosed herein include a return path data classifier to classify a first viewing period associated with segments of return path data received from a set top box into tuning classifications based on the segments of the return path data; calculate a total reported tuning duration for the first viewing period when the first viewing period is classified as live or playback tuning; and compare the total reported tuning duration to a duration threshold to determine whether the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period are valid. The example apparatus also includes a return path data rectifier to rectify missing tuning data associated with a second viewing period based on tuning data included in the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period when the segments of the return path data associated with the first viewing period are determined to be valid.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to assign viewers to media meter data are disclosed. An apparatus includes processor circuitry to execute computer readable instructions to at least: identify a candidate household from a plurality of second households to associate with a first household based on an analysis of a first duration of time first media was presented by a first media presentation device and a second duration of time second media was presented by second media presentation devices; match different ones of first panelists of the first household with matching ones of second panelists of the candidate household; and impute respective portions of the first duration of time to the different ones of the first panelists based on portions of the second duration of time for which the matching ones of the second panelists of the candidate household were exposed to the second media.

Abstract: Disclosed examples access media impression data via one or more wireless communications, the media impression data including panel data obtained from a meter and impression information obtained after an access of media at a computing device; determine an audience deduplication based on the panel data; determine odds ratios for platform combinations based on the audience deduplication; determine posterior distributions for the media based on the odds ratios; perform a sequential odds ratio insertion technique based on the posterior distributions to determine unique audience sizes; align the unique audience sizes based on a constraint; and generate a report including the aligned unique audience sizes.

Abstract: Example apparatus disclosed herein include a return path data classifier to classify a first viewing period associated with segments of return path data received from a set top box into tuning classifications based on the segments of the return path data; calculate a total reported tuning duration for the first viewing period when the first viewing period is classified as live or playback tuning; and compare the total reported tuning duration to a duration threshold to determine whether the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period are valid. The example apparatus also includes a return path data rectifier to rectify missing tuning data associated with a second viewing period based on tuning data included in the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period when the segments of the return path data associated with the first viewing period are determined to be valid.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to assign viewers to media meter data are disclosed. An apparatus includes processor circuitry to execute computer readable instructions to at least: identify a candidate household from a plurality of second households to associate with a first household based on an analysis of a first duration of time first media was presented by a first media presentation device and a second duration of time second media was presented by second media presentation devices; match different ones of first panelists of the first household with matching ones of second panelists of the candidate household; and impute respective portions of the first duration of time to the different ones of the first panelists based on portions of the second duration of time for which the matching ones of the second panelists of the candidate household were exposed to the second media.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to determine causal effects are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a weighting engine to calculate a first set of weights corresponding to a first treatment dataset, a second set of weights corresponding to a second treatment dataset, and a third set of weights corresponding to a control dataset, the weighting engine to increase an operational efficiency of the apparatus by calculating the first set of weights, second set of weights, and third set of weights independently, a weighting response engine to calculate a first weighted response for the first treatment dataset, a second weighted response for the second treatment dataset, and determine a causal effect between the first treatment dataset and the second treatment dataset based on a difference between the first weighted response and the second weighted response, and a report generator to transmit a report to an audience measurement entity.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to assign viewers to media meter data are disclosed. An apparatus includes memory, and a processor to execute instructions to: determine first probabilities for first panelists in a first household based on a first number of minutes of first media presented by a first media presentation device monitored by a first meter, determine second probabilities for second panelists in a plurality of second households based on a second number of minutes of second media presented by second media presentation devices monitored by a plurality of second meters, compare the first probabilities and the second probabilities to identify a candidate household from the plurality of second households to associated with the first household, and impute respective portions of the first number of minutes to corresponding ones of the first panelists when monitored behavior of the candidate household matches monitored behavior of the first household.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus and articles of manufacture to determine causal effects are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a weighting engine to calculate a first set of weights corresponding to a first treatment dataset, a second set of weights corresponding to a second treatment dataset, and a third set of weights corresponding to a control dataset, the weighting engine to increase an operational efficiency of the apparatus by calculating the first set of weights, second set of weights, and third set of weights independently, a weighting response engine to calculate a first weighted response for the first treatment dataset, a second weighted response for the second treatment dataset, and determine a causal effect between the first treatment dataset and the second treatment dataset based on a difference between the first weighted response and the second weighted response, and a report generator to transmit a report to an audience measurement entity.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes (i) identifying a plurality of upcoming content-modification opportunities for a content-presentation device, each respective content-modification opportunity corresponding to a respective underlying advertisement that is available for replacement by a respective supplemental advertisement; (ii) using the identified upcoming content-modification opportunities as a basis for determining expected values for a plurality of supplemental advertisements; (iii) selecting a subset of supplemental advertisements from among the plurality of supplemental advertisements based on the subset having expected values above a threshold value; (iv) in advance of the upcoming content-modification opportunities, sending the subset of supplemental advertisements to be locally stored at the content-presentation device; and (v) upon occurrence of one of the content-modification opportunities, causing the content-presentation device to replace one of the respective underlying advertisements with one o

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes (i) identifying a plurality of upcoming content-modification opportunities for a content-presentation device, each respective content-modification opportunity corresponding to a respective underlying advertisement that is available for replacement by a respective supplemental advertisement; (ii) using the identified upcoming content-modification opportunities as a basis for determining expected values for a plurality of supplemental advertisements; (iii) selecting a subset of supplemental advertisements from among the plurality of supplemental advertisements based on the subset having expected values above a threshold value; (iv) in advance of the upcoming content-modification opportunities, sending the subset of supplemental advertisements to be locally stored at the content-presentation device; and (v) upon occurrence of one of the content-modification opportunities, causing the content-presentation device to replace one of the respective underlying advertisements with one o

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus and articles of manufacture to determine causal effects are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a weighting engine to calculate a first set of weights corresponding to a first treatment dataset, a second set of weights corresponding to a second treatment dataset, and a third set of weights corresponding to a control dataset, the weighting engine to increase an operational efficiency of the apparatus by calculating the first set of weights, second set of weights, and third set of weights independently, a weighting response engine to calculate a first weighted response for the first treatment dataset, a second weighted response for the second treatment dataset, and determine a causal effect between the first treatment dataset and the second treatment dataset based on a difference between the first weighted response and the second weighted response, and a report generator to transmit a report to an audience measurement entity.

Abstract: Example apparatus disclosed herein include a return path data classifier to classify a first viewing period associated with segments of return path data received from a set top box into tuning classifications based on the segments of the return path data; calculate a total reported tuning duration for the first viewing period when the first viewing period is classified as live or playback tuning; and compare the total reported tuning duration to a duration threshold to determine whether the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period are valid. The example apparatus also includes a return path data rectifier to rectify missing tuning data associated with a second viewing period based on tuning data included in the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period when the segments of the return path data associated with the first viewing period are determined to be valid.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes (i) identifying a plurality of upcoming content-modification opportunities for a content-presentation device, each respective content-modification opportunity corresponding to a respective underlying advertisement that is available for replacement by a respective supplemental advertisement; (ii) using the identified upcoming content-modification opportunities as a basis for determining expected values for a plurality of supplemental advertisements; (iii) selecting a subset of supplemental advertisements from among the plurality of supplemental advertisements based on the subset having expected values above a threshold value; (iv) in advance of the upcoming content-modification opportunities, sending the subset of supplemental advertisements to be locally stored at the content-presentation device; and (v) upon occurrence of one of the content-modification opportunities, causing the content-presentation device to replace one of the respective underlying advertisements with one o

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus and articles of manufacture to determine causal effects are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a weighting engine to calculate a first set of weights for a first set of covariates corresponding to a treatment dataset and a second set of weights for a second set of covariates corresponding to a control dataset using maximum entropy, the first set of weights to equal the second set of weights.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to assign viewers to media meter data are disclosed. An apparatus includes memory, and a processor to execute instructions to: determine first probabilities for first panelists in a first household based on a first number of minutes of first media presented by a first media presentation device monitored by a first meter, determine second probabilities for second panelists in a plurality of second households based on a second number of minutes of second media presented by second media presentation devices monitored by a plurality of second meters, compare the first probabilities and the second probabilities to identify a candidate household from the plurality of second households to associated with the first household, and impute respective portions of the first number of minutes to corresponding ones of the first panelists when monitored behavior of the candidate household matches monitored behavior of the first household.

Abstract: Example apparatus disclosed herein include a return path data classifier to classify a first viewing period associated with segments of return path data received from a set top box into tuning classifications based on the segments of the return path data; calculate a total reported tuning duration for the first viewing period when the first viewing period is classified as live or playback tuning; and compare the total reported tuning duration to a duration threshold to determine whether the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period are valid. The example apparatus also includes a return path data rectifier to rectify missing tuning data associated with a second viewing period based on tuning data included in the segments of return path data associated with the first viewing period when the segments of the return path data associated with the first viewing period are determined to be valid.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to assign viewers to media meter data are disclosed. An apparatus includes memory to store instructions, and a processor to execute the instructions to at least: determine first probabilities for first panelists in a media meter household during a first set of time periods, determine second probabilities for second panelists in a plurality of learning households during a second set of time periods, compare the first probabilities and the second probabilities to identify a candidate household from the plurality of learning households to associated with the media meter household, and impute ones of the first number of minutes to individual ones of the first panelists when second panelist behavior data associated with the candidate household indicates activity during one of the second set of time periods that matches activity in the media meter household during one of the first set of time periods.