Abstract: An improved method of estimating an earth model utilizes an acoustic Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) of seismic data in a pseudo-time coordinate system, in which the earth model m({tilde over (m)}) is parameterized with two lateral coordinates (x,y) and a vertical coordinate ({tilde over (z)}) which expresses vertical travel time of acoustic signals used to generate the seismic data.

Abstract: Method of removing irregularities caused by tube waves from seismic data obtained in a borehole seismic survey, using a set of seismic or sources and a set of seismic receivers each arranged in a borehole, in which seismic data is time shifted based on an estimated tube wave velocity, filtered and then the time shift is reversed and applied to the original data set resulting in a corrected set, which is again time shifted opposite to the original time shift to remove and identify tube wave irregularities.

Abstract: Method of removing irregularities caused by tube waves from seismic data obtained in a borehole seismic survey, which method comprises the steps of (a) obtaining a set of original seismic data; (b) subjecting the original seismic data set to a time-shift based on an estimated tube wave velocity to align the tube waves in time; (c) applying a structurally oriented, edge-preserving filter to the time-shifted seismic data set; (d) undoing the time shift for the time-shifted, predicted tube wave data set; (e) subtracting the predicted tube wave data set from the original seismic data set; (f) subjecting the set of corrected, original seismic data to a time-shift based on a tube wave velocity opposite to the velocity used in step (b); and (g) repeating steps (c), (d) and (e).