Abstract: A first tool establishes a percutaneous path into the vertebral body having an interior volume occupied, at least in part, by cancellous bone. The vertebral body has at least one cortical plate that is depressed due to fracture. A source of bone filling material has a viscosity that resists extravazation into cancellous bone, and a second tool conveys the bone filling material through the percutaneous path to move the fractured cortical plate toward a desired anatomic position. A third tool can be provided that is sized and configured for introduction through the percutaneous path and including an operative element that conditions cancellous bone for the introduction of the bone filling material.