Abstract: A method of preventing damage to non-neoplastic, e.g. healthy cells, by irradiating the non-neoplastic cells with a low-dose radiation is provided. The method initiates a protective cellular response which prevents later damage to non-neoplastic cells by radiotherapy and an immune response against neoplastic cells. The method of preventing damage to non-neoplastic cells is provided where the low-dose radiation is interspersed with a high dose sessions which themselves are varied through the weekly schedule.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preventing damage to non-neoplastic cells i.e. healthy cells by irradiating with a low-dose radiation to the non-neoplastic cells, wherein the low-dose radiation is used to initiate a protective cellular response which prevents later damage to non-neoplastic cells by cytotoxic chemical agents or chemo agents and initiating an immune response against neoplastic cells. The low-dose radiation is applied to the sensitive and the non-cancerous organs/cells at a given time before a high dose chemo/drug infusion session.

Abstract: A method of preventing damage to non-neoplastic, e.g. healthy cells, by irradiating the non-neoplastic cells with a low-dose radiation is provided. The method initiates a protective cellular response which prevents later damage to non-neoplastic cells by radiotherapy and an immune response against neoplastic cells. The method of preventing damage to non-neoplastic cells is provided where the low-dose radiation is interspersed with a high dose sessions which themselves are varied through the weekly schedule.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of a process for treating neoplastic masses, in which the damage to healthy cells surrounding the mass is reduced as compared to current treatment processes, hi embodiments, computer programs are used to prescribe a timed treatment sequence to mitigate some of the deleterious effects of cancer radiation treatment or chemotherapy. By initiating natural cell repair mechanisms with an application of a low dose of radiation to healthy tissue prior to the full cancer treatment, the post-treatment damage to the healthy cells can be reduced.

Abstract: An embodiment entails administering an effective amount of a product such as a protease or a source of a protease that destroys or deactivates an immunogen, mimic or antigen specific to a particular autoimmune disease before it encounters the immune system of a patient.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of a process for treating neoplastic masses, in which the damage to healthy cells surrounding the mass is reduced as compared to current treatment processes, hi embodiments, computer programs are used to prescribe a timed treatment sequence to mitigate some of the deleterious effects of cancer radiation treatment or chemotherapy. By initiating natural cell repair mechanisms with an application of a low dose of radiation to healthy tissue prior to the full cancer treatment, the post-treatment damage to the healthy cells can be reduced.

Abstract: Congestion within a traffic stream of interest in a communication network is characterized as self-induced congestion or cross-induced congestion by analyzing a correlation result of a time series of throughput data of the traffic stream of interest and making the characterization based on power spectrum features found in the correlation result. The correlation result may be obtained through a Fourier analysis, a wavelet analysis or any mathematical process based on locating periodicities in the time series. In some cases, the characterization is made at a node in the communication network that is downstream from the congestion, while in other cases, the characterization is made at a node in the communication network that is upstream of the congestion.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for protein structure alignment. More particularly, the present invention provides a method for identification, classification and prediction of protein structures. The present invention involves two key ingredients. First, an energy or cost function formulation of the problem simultaneously in terms of binary (Potts) assignment variables and real-valued atomic coordinates. Second, a minimization of the energy or cost function by an iterative method, where in each iteration (1) a mean field method is employed for the assignment variables and (2) exact rotation and/or translation of atomic coordinates is performed, weighted with the corresponding assignment variables.

Abstract: Congestion within a traffic stream of interest in a communication network is characterized as self-induced congestion or cross-induced congestion by analyzing a correlation result of a time series of throughput data of the traffic stream of interest and making the characterization based on power spectrum features found in the correlation result. The correlation result may be obtained through a Fourier analysis, a wavelet analysis or any mathematical process based on locating periodicities in the time series. In some cases, the characterization is made at a node in the communication network that is downstream from the congestion, while in other cases, the characterization is made at a node in the communication network that is upstream of the congestion.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for protein structure alignment. More particularly, the present invention provides a method for identification, classification and prediction of protein structures. The present invention involves two key ingredients. First, an energy or cost function formulation of the problem simultaneously in terms of binary (Potts) assignment variables and real-valued atomic coordinates. Second, a minimization of the energy or cost function by an iterative method, where in each iteration (1) a mean field method is employed for the assignment variables and (2) exact rotation and/or translation of atomic coordinates is performed, weighted with the corresponding assignment variables.

Abstract: A color separation optical plate is described which is superimposed onto a transmissive LCD panel. The color separation plate separates incident white light into its red/green/blue (RGB) components and guides each component through the appropriate sub-pixel (dot) of the LCD panel. The color separation plate utilizes a microprism array of direct vision microprisms each having a combination of refractive and gradient index optics to concentrate the light onto the appropriate dot and to separate the colors. This combination has the theoretical capability of increasing color LCD panel transmissivity by as much as a factor of six.

Abstract: A radial gradient contact lens is provided. The methodology described above allows the parameters of the lens and of the radial gradient profile to be chosen to improve the vision and the comfort of the wearer. The lens can be made thinner and the optical performance remains improved as the CL moves around in the eye. The improved vision leads to higher contrast when the iris of the eye is fully open as it is under low light level conditions. The use of an anamorphic lens consisting of an elliptical index profile for use in correcting astigmatism is described.

Abstract: A segmented GRIN anamorphic lens and a lens array using such lenses are provided. The lens has an optical axis and is composed of a plurality of segments. The interfaces between the segments are planes or wedges inclined at an angle to the optical axis. At least one segment has a predetermined axial index of refraction profile while the other segment may have either a predetermined homogeneous index of refraction or a predetermined radial index of refraction profile. The planar interface geometry and the index of refraction profiles are chosen to provide lenses with desirable optical properties. Spherical and cylindrical aberrations can be reduced or eliminated by appropriate choice of the index of refraction profile. The front and rear surfaces of the lens assembly can also be ground and polished into spherical shapes which act with the axial gradient interface to yield an anamorphic lens functionality.

Abstract: A segmented axial gradient array lens is provided. In one embodiment, the segmented array lens includes two sheets of optical material which mate at opposing faces which have a series of corresponding parallel grooves and ridges. At least one of the sheets has an axial gradient index of refraction profile. This provides the functionality of a series of parallel cylindrical lenses. The array lenses may include one or more additional intermediate sheets which may have a homogeneous or axial gradient index. With the first and last sheets having an axial gradient index of refraction, and the grooves forming the first and last interfaces between the sheets being rotated 90 degrees relative to each other, a two dimensional array of point foci can be provided. An array of cones and conical indentations can be used at the interfaces to provide the functionality of an array of spherical lenses. An array lens of the invention can be used to provide an optical multiplexer.

Abstract: Methods of making gradient property refractive elements such as gradient index lens blanks. The spatial distributions of constituents achieved by subjecting various starting assemblages to various diffusion conditions are predicted. Each such predicted spatial distribution of constituents is converted to a spatial distribution of the graded property. The property distribution which best approximates a desired distribution is selected, to thereby select one starting assemblage and one set of diffusion conditions. That assemblage and set of conditions are used in fabrication of the element.

Abstract: A segmented axial gradient lens and a lens system using such lenses are provided. The lens has an optical axis and is composed of a plurality of segments. The interfaces between the segments are either planes inclined at an angle to the optical axis, wedges or cones. At least one segment has a predetermined axial index of refraction profile while other segments may have either a predetermined homogeneous index of refraction or a predetermined axial index of refraction profile. The interface geometry and the index of refraction profiles are chosen to provide lenses with desirable optical properties from segments having only simple interfaces. Spherical and cylindrical aberrations can be reduced or eliminated by appropriate choice of the index of refraction profile even for a lens fabricated entirely from segments with flat surfaces. The front and rear surfaces of the lens assembly can also be ground and polished into spherical or cylindrical shapes.

Abstract: Methods of making gradient property refractive elements such as gradient index lens blanks. The spatial distributions of constituents achieved by subjecting various starting assemblages to various diffusion conditions are predicted. Each such predicted spatial distribution of constituents is converted to a spatial distribution of the graded property. The property distribution which best approximates a desired distribution is selected, to thereby select one starting assemblage and one set of diffusion conditions. That assemblage and set of conditions are used in fabrication of the element.

Abstract: Shaped gradient profiles of index of refraction in lenses are fabricated from axial gradients. While the resulting lens has both radial (or cylindrical) and axial components, and, strictly speaking, is not a pure radial (cylindrical) gradient, nonetheless, the presence of both the radial and axial components or cylindrical and axial components provides lens designers with greater flexibility in lens design than heretofore existed.

Abstract: A monolithic double-axial gradient lens (30) is provided. The lens has an optic axis and three sections perpendicular to the optic axis: a first section (34) having a first graded index of refraction profile and having an outer surface, a middle section (32) having a second graded index of refraction profile, and a third section (36) having a third graded index of refraction profile and having an outer surface. A gradient in the index of refraction is provided in at least the first and third sections. As a result of appropriate selection of gradients, spherical and chromatic aberrations are eliminated or at least reduced, and thermal dependency of optical properties is minimized.