Abstract: Certain ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers having a reactive carboxy group are useful for preparing homo- and copolymers for a variety of uses, including diagnostic assays. The polymers can be supplied as latex particles in aqueous compositions. The monomers are represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R is hydrogen, halo or alkyl or 1 to 3 carbon atoms,M is hydrogen, an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, andL is a linking group having from 8 to 50 atoms in its linking chain, and comprises two or more divalent hydrocarbon groups connected or terminated with one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms, or with one or more groups containing such atoms in the linking chain, provided L has at least one arylene which is not directly connected to the terminal ##STR2## and further provided that none of the hydrocarbon groups has non-aromatic unsaturation.

Abstract: Biologically active reagents are prepared from particles of copolymers having highly reactive carboxy or equivalent groups. The reagents are prepared by covalently attaching biologically active substances, for example antibodies, to the particles, directly or indirectly through highly reactive carboxy groups on the particle surface. These reagents are used to advantage in analytical elements, methods for the detection of specific binding ligands (such as immunological species) and immunoassays, and in purification methods as affinity chromatography reagents.

Abstract: A water-insoluble microporous article comprises a microporous substrate having first and second outer surfaces. Affixed to at least one of those surfaces is a stabilized specific binding reagent admixed with certain hydrophilic, neutral or positively-charged binder materials. Particularly useful binder materials include certain quaternary polymers, vinylpyrrolidone polymers and acrylamide polymers. In this mixture, the reagent exhibits improved keeping stability compared to similar reagents used without binder materials. The reagent comprises water-insoluble particles to which are attached receptor molecules to a target ligand. Substantially none of the reagent is entrapped within the microporous substrate. This article is useful for the detection of a target ligand in an assay involving the specific binding reaction of the ligand with corresponding receptor molecules, and can be included in a diagnostic test kit.

Abstract: Copolymers are prepared from (a) at least about 0.5 mole % of monomers having reactive groups which are, directly or indirectly, capable of reaction with free amine or sulfhydryl groups of biologically active substances, (b) from about 0.1 to about 20 mole % of monomers having polyoxyalkylene side chains, each of which side chains has a molecular weight of at least about 88, and (c) up to about 99.4 mole % of oleophilic monomers which provide hydrophobicity to the copolymers. The copolymers can be supplied as latex particles in aqueous compositions.

Abstract: A polymeric latex composition having a hydrophobe incorporated therein can be prepared using a novel latex "loading" method. This method includes providing a loadable latex, providing a hydrophobe dissolved in a water-miscible organic solvent, heating the loadable latex to about 30.degree. to about 90.degree. C. and gradually adding the hydrophobe solution to the heated loadable latex under conditions to keep the hydrophobe in solution and to "load" it into the latex particles. In preferred embodiments, the latex is surfactant-free and has particles which have outer reactive groups which are capable of reacting with free amine or sulfhydryl groups of a biological compound. Such latices can be used to prepare water-insoluble biological reagents having a biological compound attached to the particles.

Abstract: A high performance affinity chromatography separation device comprising:A) a chromatographic column containing:B) a packing material;wherein the packing material is a plurality of non-porous, nonodisperse polymeric particles having i) a particle size in the range of 0.01 to about 5 micrometers and ii) surface reactive groups which are directly or indirectly reactive with free amino groups, sulfhydryl groups, carboxy groups or aldehyde groups of biological ligands is disclosed.

Abstract: A water-insoluble polymeric particle has an inner core comprising a detectable tracer material distributed in a first polymer for which the tracer material has a high affinity. This first polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg.sub.1) less than about 100.degree. C. The particle also has an outer shell comprising a second polymer for which the tracer material has substantially less affinity relative to said first polymer. This second polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg.sub.2) which is greater than or equal to the term [Tg.sub.1 -10.degree. C.]. It also contains groups which are either reactive with free amino or sulfhydryl groups of an immunoreactive species or which can be activated for reaction with such groups. Such a species can be covalently attached to this particle to form an immunoreactive reagent which is useful in analytical elements and various analytical methods including immunological methods, for example, agglutination assays.

Abstract: A negative-working dyeable photoresist composition comprising in admixture(a) a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder,(b) a radiation-sensitive dichromate, and(c) a polymeric mordant comprising recurring units derived from a quaternized N-vinylimidazole is useful in the preparation of continuous tone dyed imaging elements.

Abstract: A solid state color image sensing device comprising a semiconductive support having a surface comprising an array of light sensing pixels and superimposed thereon in microregistration a color filter array having at least three sets of dyed filter elements is characterized in that at least one set of the filter elements is formed from a negative-working dyeable photoresist composition comprising, in admixture,(a) a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder,(b) a radiation-sensitive dichromate, and(c) a polymeric mordant comprising recurring units derived from a quaternized N-vinylimidazole.Color filter elements prepared from the dyeable photoresist composition have high resolution, excellent clarity and dye uptake, and low absorbance of blue light and thus are particularly useful in high quality high resolution solid state color imaging sensors having excellent thermal and light stability. A method of making the above-described device is disclosed.

Abstract: New electrostatographic developers are provided, containing dual function polymeric binder/charge agents. The new developers contain toner particles comprising a vinyl addition binder polymer containing a quaternary phosphonium salt, wherein the phosphonium salt has a cationic portion comprising a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to the binder polymer.

Abstract: A short takeoff and landing aircraft (10) and vertical/short takeoff and landing aircraft (10), having upper surface blowing engines (12, 14) on gull-shaped wings (24, 26) which may be tilted and translated by a variable incidence translation device (52). The translation means (80, 62, 64) is adapted to provide center of gravity travel trim and critical engine out moment trim. Thrust vectoring of the upper surface blowing engines is accomplished by a combination of the upper surface blowing and wing tilt, and vectoring of lower lift/boost engines (124, 126) is accomplished by swiveling nozzles (138, 140). Critical engine out lateral trim is accomplished by a combination of airplane bank and differential vectoring by the lower lift/boost engines (124, 126).

Abstract: Photographic element and diffusion transfer assemblages are described which contain a novel mordant comprising recurring units having the formula ##STR1## wherein A represents recurring units derived from an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer;R represents hydrogen or methyl;each R.sup.1 independently represents hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms;Q represents an alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl group;X.sup..crclbar. represents an anion;w is from about 0 to about 25 mole percent;x is from about 30 to about 90 mole percent;y is from about 8 to about 65 mole percent;andz is from about 2 to about 9 mole percent.

Abstract: Photographic elements, diffusion transfer assemblages and processes are described wherein a polymeric vehicle is employed in a metallizable dye image-receiving layer, a layer adjacent thereto or both. The polymeric vehicle comprises a cross-linked polymer derived from recurring units of an acrylamide, a 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or a 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and a cross-linkable monomer.

Abstract: In an electrically activatable recording element, such as one comprising an electrically conductive support having thereon, in sequence: (a) a polymeric electrically active conductive (EAC) layer, (b) an electrically activatable recording layer comprising (A) a dye-forming coupler, and (B) an oxidation-reduction combination comprising (i) an organic silver salt oxidizing agent consisting essentially of a silver salt of a 1,2,4-mercaptotriazole derivative, with (ii) a reducing agent which, in its oxidized form, forms a dye with the dye-forming coupler, (c) a photoconductive layer separated from (b) by an air gap of up to 20 microns, and (d) an electrically conductive layer; improvements are provided by means of a polymeric EAC layer (a) consisting essentially of a vinyl addition polymer, such as poly(methyl acrylate-co-vinylidene chloride). The recording element is room light handleable and provides a dye image and silver image by dry development processing.

Abstract: An imaging element which relies upon an aromatic dialdehyde to produce a dye provides improved maximum neutral densities when certain polymers are superimposed over the element. Such polymers seal the element to reduce loss of the dialdehyde during development. An imaging method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Copolymers containing an acrylamidophenol as a crosslinking site and the corresponding crosslinked polymers are disclosed. The acrylamidophenol unit can be copolymerized with a wide variety of other monomers to provide crosslinkable and crosslinked polymers with useful properties. The acrylamidophenol unit provides for crosslinking at low pH with conventional crosslinking agents. The acrylamidophenol monomer unit is present in the copolymer from about 0.5 to 50 percent by weight and has the formula: ##STR1## wherein: x is 1 or 0,L is a linking group,R represents hydrogen or methyl, andR.sup.1 through R.sup.5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and aryl from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1 through R.sup.5 is hydroxy and at least one of the positions ortho or para to said hydroxy has a hydrogen atom attached thereto. The remainder of the polymer can comprise from 50 to 99.

Abstract: The properties of a dichromated hydrophilic colloid photosensitive composition are improved by the incorporation of certain copolymer latices. More particularly, the copolymer particles in the latex conform to the structure:--A).sub. (B --.phi.-awherein A is a polymerized monomer or monomers having the structure: ##STR1## and B is a polymerized monomer or monomers having the structure: ##STR2## wherein each R.sup.1 is independently hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.2 is phenyl, substituted phenyl or a straight- or branched-chain alkoxycarbonyl group of about 2-8 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 or --OR.sup.6 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl of about 1-8 carbon atoms including substituted alkyl, and alkyl containing hetero atoms in the alkyl chain, and R.sup.6 is hydroxyalkyl of about 1-8 carbon atoms; anda represents a weight percent of about 75-95.

Abstract: Copolymers containing an acrylamidophenol as a crosslinking site and the corresponding crosslinked polymers are disclosed. The acrylamidophenol unit can be copolymerized with a wide variety of other monomers to provide crosslinkable and crosslinked polymers with useful properties. The acrylamidophenol unit provides for crosslinking at low pH with conventional crosslinking agents. The acrylamidophenol monomer unit is present in the copolymer from about 0.5 to 50 percent by weight and has the formula: ##STR1## wherein: x is 1 or 0,L is a linking group,R represents hydrogen or methyl, andR.sup.1 through R.sup.5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and aryl from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1 through R.sup.5 is hydroxy and at least one of the positions ortho or para to said hydroxy has a hydrogen atom attached thereto. The remainder of the polymer can comprise from 50 to 99.

Abstract: Overcoats for electrophotographic elements are provided. The overcoats comprise a polymer having recurring units of the structure: ##STR1## in which R represents phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, or a ##STR2## group; R.sub.1, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which may be the same or different represent hydrogen or methyl;R.sub.2 represents alkyl or aryl;R.sub.3 represents carboxyl, alkyl ester, aryl ester, alkylamide or arylamide group having at least one carboxyl or hydroxyl or carboxylic anhydride substituent;R.sub.4 represents a group containing an active methylene group;a is about 29 to about 96 weight percent of said polymer;b is about 2 to about 25 weight percent of said polymer; andc is about 2 to about 46 weight percent of said polymer.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and elements for detecting a nitrogen-containing compound capable of releasing ammonia upon enzymatic action are described. The method comprises contacting in an aqueous medium a sample suspected of containing such a compound and a novel assay composition comprising at least one enzyme which catalyzes the decomposition of the compound to ammonia and detecting the ammonia by condensation with a diketone and measuring the color or fluorescence produced by the resulting dihydropyridine.The foregoing assay composition can be incorporated into single-layer or multilayer analytical elements of the type known in the prior art. A preferred such element comprises an isotropically porous spreading layer in fluid contact with a reagent layer. The spreading layer is most preferably non-fibrous.