Abstract: A photorefractive composite comprises a charge transport matrix and an electrooptic dye having an aliphatic group of four or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Automatic voltage reduction is provided by a voltage regulator by monitoring utility load currents and comparing the load currents to a predetermined current value. When the predetermined current value is exceeded, the voltage input to the voltage regulator control is increased by a fixed predetermined amount causing the voltage regulator output to decrease. One embodiment of the automatic voltage reduction control circuit utilizes a current transformer for receiving a signal from a utility line in proportion to the amount of line load current. The current signal is compared to a predetermined current value by means of a differential amplifier to determine when the predetermined current is exceeded. The differential amplifier output then operates a relay to connect an auxiliary voltage source in series with the sensing transformer within the voltage regulator control unit.

Abstract: A control circuit for limiting the output voltage of a voltage regulator or the like to a safe level for consumers connected close to the voltage regulator. The output voltage of the regulator is measured and compared to a reference. If the voltage exceeds the preset level then the circuit is energized to prevent further tap change that would increase the voltage output. A time delay is provided to prevent immediate de-energization of the circuit when the voltage drops below the preset level. Should line fluctuations cause further voltage increase, then the circuit will cause a tap change so as to reduce the output voltage. If the output voltage drops below a preset level then the circuit will prevent further tap changing which would cause any further lowering of the output voltage.